640 U. Ss. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
and shoulders is abruptly much longer and more bristly. The hairs immediately along the 
median line are considerably longer, but does not form a mane. The hairs along the throat on 
the under surface of the neck, extending to between the fore legs, is much longest and 
- pendulous. The hairs in the whitish rump-patch are longer than elsewhere on the buttocks. 
The prevailing color of an adult male before me is a reddish brown, darker on the head and 
neck, lighter and with more of a yellowish tint on the back and sides ; there is a decided tinge 
of brownish chestnut about the head, and on the inferior line of the body from the chin almost 
as far as the hind legs; throughout this region it is much mixed with black, especially on the 
throat and under the belly. On the lower part and sides of the throat the bristly hairs are ofa 
very dark brown, almost black, the tips only chestnut; the extent of this tip decreasing 
inferiorly; the ventral line of dusky is without chestnut tips. The upper surface of the muzzle 
is rather dusky ; the sides of the upper jaw of a paler chestnut than elsewhere on the head; the 
anterior portion of the upper lip whitish. There is a very conspicuous mark on the chin in the 
presence of a brownish yellow patch on each side, (the two confluent on the anterior edge of the 
lip,) which run back three or four inches, then suddenly contracting and runinng out to a point, 
cease before reaching the angle of the mouth. These enclose between them a dark brown space. 
There is also another inferior median yellowish patch about opposite the middle of the lower 
jaw. There is a yellowish patch on the anterior and posterior edges of the ear, the concavity of 
which is yellowish, in strong contrast to the chestnut of its dorsal surface. ; 
The edges of the orbits are dusky, but there is nothing of any light ring round the eye, except 
an occasional lightening of the ground color. 
On the posterior part of the back, about a foot anterior to the tail, is a patch of pale yellowish 
brown, commencing as an angle and passing obliquely backward on each side, intersecting the 
posterior outline of the body about as far below the tail as it commenced anterior to it. This is 
well defined against the darker shade of the body, but is rendered still more conspicuous by a 
distinct broad dusky border beginning on either side, about opposite its middle, and passing 
backwards, then down the posterior face of the hind legs until it is lost in the general tint of 
the legs. All the legs are of a dusky chestnut brown, considerably darker than the ground 
color of the body. 
I have no winter skins before me, and cannot describe their colors at this season, although, 
according to Audubon and Bachman, the hair is of a dark gray all over the body. n 
Summer specimens vary in having the ears much more dusky brown, with a narrow line of 
the same along the back of the neck. The legs are sometimes darker, sometimes as light as 
the back. The back is sometimes redder than as just described. In none have I ever seen 
anything of a pure or even tolerably pure white color in any part of body. 
Length of No. 2013, from nose to root of tail, 8 feet 8 inches. 
I have never had an opportunity of examining the skin of the European stag, the analogue of 
our species, but the differences are said to be very decided. Thus, according to Audubon and 
Bachman, the American animal is fully one foot higher at the shoulders ; the upper parts and 
lower jaw yellowish brown, instead of blackish brown ; the circle around the eye brown, instead 
of white, &c. J. E. Gray gives the diagnosis of the two species as follows : 
CreRvUS CANADENSIS. Hoofs broad, semi-circular ; tail very short; withers covered with softer 
