650 U. Ss. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
ears are uniformly brownish gray, lined and pointed somewhat with dusky, the concavity and 
the basal portion behind being white. The under part of the neck, from the white patch 
beneath the head to between the fore legs, is of the same brownish gray, with a slight sooty 
tinge posteriorly ; the rest of the under parts to the tail are opaque white. The under part of 
the tail and the region around the anus are also white, but apparently less conspicuously so 
than in C, virginianus. The upper surface of the tail is of a uniform reddish brown, brighter 
than elsewhere on the body. The legs are of a nearly uniform pale brownish yellow, rather 
lighter internally. 
In another specimen, (1886,) killed about the same time, there is rather more fulvous in the 
yellowish brown and gray tints, approximating the colors somewhat to those of C. columbianus. 
Specimens from the upper Missouri agree in most respects, but are still grayer; indeed, the 
color of the back is exactly that of a Cervus macrotis, killed at the same time. 
There is no old animal of this species before me in full summer dress. A female from the 
Republican Fork, possibly a true C. virginianus, is of rather a lighter red than in the eastern 
specimens. The fawns are spotted much as those of C. virginianus. In no one of the many 
specimens before me is there anything of the dusky ring below the chin, the nearest approach 
being in the small dusky spot on each side. : 
In the preceding description I have proceeded on the supposition that the animals described 
are specifically distinct from the C. virginianus. In placing a series side by side of each, there 
are certainly very appreciable differences, some of which have been already referred to. The 
size is about the same. The fur of the Rocky Mountain animal is much closer and more 
compact, and appears somewhat finer. The peculiar waves of dusky I have not seen in the 
C. virginianus. The colors are much paler throughout, more like those of C. macrotis. The 
legs appear to be more slender; the hoofs narrower and longer. The nearly immaculate 
chin is a strong feature, this region being without the black ring bordered behind by 
reddish. The ears are more uniformly gray. The horns, tail, and gland of the metatarsus 
are very similar in both, and exhibit nothing distinctive. 
The horns of this animal resemble very closely those of C. virginianus from the eastern portion 
of the United States. There isa basal snag starting from the inner face of the horn, about 
three inches from the base. All the snags above this spring from the posterior edge of the 
horn, those of opposite sides corresponding to each other in the two horns, sometimes nearly 
parallel, sometimes convergent. There are usually three of these posterior snags, equidistant 
and diminishing in length successively, the terminal one about as long as the end of the main 
stem. ‘I'his bends abruptly a little before it reaches the middle; the two branches of the 
curve nearly straight. 
The horns are more inclined to have three posterior snags than in C. virginianus. In extreme 
age the horn becomes more compressed and the warts towards the base very prominent. Asa 
general rule there is a much greater diversity of form here than in the C. virginianus, as will 
be seen from the accompanying wood-cuts, which are far from exhausting all the varieties in 
the Smithsonian collection. One of these, figure 17, is from Puget’s Sound, and belongs to the 
typical C. leucurus. It is in some respects quite different from the others, and may be distinct. 
