RUMINANTIA—CERVINAE—CERVUS COLUMBIANUS. 659 
List of specimens. 
: Measurements. 
Z| s 3 Salas 
£ 3 4, Locality. When collected.) Whence and how = Nature of a & Collecied by— 
5 2 | obtained. = | specimen. | ‘8 = g = 
= esta ie iE a fini ltd al 
Sats. Wis s 2 liek pci 
a = 4 e a =| = 
iJ i-) > i i} i] i) os 
o o nD ° a Zz & H 
1840 | 2881 | 4 | Upper Missouri ............| Summer, 1856 | Lt. Warren........ B_ | Skin .....-} caeee! 70.00) 8 00 | 12.00) Di. F. V. Hayden. 
1841 | 2882 3 eter do A 0200s. nee: eeesleeeece|sncceslececes|coveeeDOsscccccccs 
TRaB Veeck = sees] Yellowstone... ....eeee cen August, dhe cleqery 10 eOO.cacaee ashe se[eeveeeleesses| severed cccccee. 
1501 | 2361 | 4 | Sage Creek, Nebraska......) Winter, 1855| Dr. F. V. Hayden..|...+++ are Anne ciecalelllciajeie c's) (bsiasie's|[n(s'ssisu'|'sisieeicis| viewieieslse)sleaalee eee 
1502 | 2362 Q seeecens dOvvecceccseccee tens Os. eves |eccece Os. escccecees| cones do perleeceee| seene|ccccen|-cenes|coveeeecscteee rere 
oats | Ci G65 sows apeelGh Bococsoo core coed |neidr Heceecnn end oor pot Ohacec a eeeee a|veceee cerlOrcuccer|sccec:|cocece| cncass|cvucesleanrecrecesescsece 
1883 | 2581 | @ | W. fork Medicine Bow Creek} Sept. 2, 1856/ Lt. F. T. Bryan....| 316 |...do....... F -00) W. S. Wood..... 
1884 | 2582 Q sececeee Ose cececccesceccers|tecsee dO... ceases] seeves dO.. veccee rece B17 | .2.dO...006 ae ene sede, 
1200 | 2028 © | Head of Des Chutes river, | September,1855 | Lt. Williamson.....| ..... Head & feet)...... ORS eet rete Dr. J.S. Newberry 
air | 
Nore.—The measurements recorded above were taken before skinning. 
CERVUS COLUMBIANUS, Rich. 
Black-tailed Deer. 
Cervus macrotis, var. columbianus, Ricuarpson, F. B. Am. T, 1829, 255; pl. xx. 
Cervus macrotis, Ricu. I*. Bor, Am. I, 1829, 254; pl. xx. 
SunpevatL, K. Sv. Vetenskaps Akad. Handlingar, 1844.--Ip. Archiv Skand. Beit. II, 1850, 
135. (From Richardson.) 
Cervus lewisii, Peate, Mammalia and Birds U. S. Ex. Ex. 1845, 39. 
? Cervus (Cariacus) lewisii, J. E. Gray, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond. XVII, 1850, 239.—Is. Knowsley Menagerie, 1850, 67 
pl. xliv, summer; pl. xlv, winter. 
Cervus richardsonii, Aup. & Bacu. N. Am. Quad. II, 1851, 211.—Is. III, 1853, 27 ; pl. cvi. 
Wacner, Suppl. Schreb. V, 1855, 369. 
? Cervus (Cariacus) punctulatus, GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond. XVIII, 1850, 239; pl. xxviii.—Is. Knowsley Menag. 
1850, 67. 
Black-tailed fallow deer, Lewis & CLarK. 
Sp. Cu.—About the size of C. virginianus, or less. Horns doubly dichotomous, the forks nearly equal. Ears more than 
half the length of the tail. Gland of the hind leg about one-sixth of the distance between the articulating surfaces of the 
bone. Tail cylindrical, hairy and white beneath ; almost entirely black above. The under portion of the tip not black. 
Winter coat with distinct yellowish chestnut annulation on a dark ground. Without white patch onthe buttocks. There 
is a distinct dusky horse-shoe mark on the forehead anterior to the eyes. 
The differences between this and the Virginia deer are very strongly marked and readily 
appreciable. Itis with the Cervus macrotis of Say that its closest affinities exist, and to distinguish 
The horns had four tips on each antler, arranged somewhat as in C. elaphus, except that the frontal tines are short and 
small, placed more internally, and tending outwards; then follows a very long tine curving upwards, (this in older deer 
divides) ; above this is a fork. 
Measurements.—From snout to tip of tail, 5 feet 9 inches 8 lines; tail to tip of hairs, (measuring on the upper side,) 10 
inches 8 lines; tail without the hairs, 6 inches; head, 12 inches 8 lines ; length of ear, measured on the side next to the 
head, 8 inches 7 lines ; greatest width of ear, 3 inches 2 lines; height anteriorly, (feet outstretched,) 2 feet 9 lines; height 
behind, 4 feet 3 lines. 
In a two year old female the color is the same as that mentioned above, although rather a purer clear yellow. There are 
four inguinal teats; ears dark gray at the tips. 
