660 U. Ss. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
it from which some extent of detail is necessary. Both have very long ears, the same bifurca- 
tion of horns, and somewhat similar colors. What the differences really are will be hereafter 
mentioned. 
In the absence of any but much wrinkled and corrugated skins, I cannot give any minute 
detail respecting the character of the muzzle, lachrymal openings, &c. The former appears 
much like that of the Virginia deer. The lachrymal openings are very large, commencing 
about half an inch in front of the eye, and are nearly three-quarters of an inch in length. The 
space between them and the eye is bare of hairs. The ears are large, measuring over 63 inches 
from the notch ; the breadth is about five inches or more. Both surfaces are well covered with 
hair, though this is not very long or dense. The tail is rather short and thin, not bushy, and 
scarcely as long or not longer than the head. It is covered with hair beneath, 
The limbs are slender, perhaps more so than in the C. virginianus. The hoofs are rather 
short and broad. In the fore foot, the width on the side along the line of hair is about three- 
fourths the length of the upper edge, and about two-thirds the same length in the hind foot. 
The greatest width between the exterior of the hoofs, in the fore foot, is about six-sevenths of 
the length of the upper edge of the fore hoof; that of the hind foot is about three-fourths the 
length of the hind hoof. There is no gland on the fore leg; that on the hind leg is about the 
length of the upper edge of the hind hoof, and situated on the outside, a little within the 
posterior edge. It is, however, so densely overgrown by the hair as to be with some difficulty 
detected in the dried skin. It occupies about one-sixth of the distance between the articulating 
surfaces of the bone on which it is placed, its lower end about two and a half times its own 
length from the lower articulating surface, the upper end about twice its length from the 
upper articulating surface, and its middle point is nearly midway between the two articulating 
surfaces of the bone, (a little nearer the upper one.) 
Fig. 21. Cervus columbianus, No. 1618. Monterey, Cal. Right horn, from 
inside, size 8.30 inches to the inch. 
Fig. 22. Cervus columbianus, No. 3204. Puget’s Sound. Right horn, from 
inside, showing the absence of fork on one side, as well as of basal snag 
Size, 5.74 inches to the inch. 
