No. 1.] ORIGIN OF HUMAN MONSTERS. 47 
together and unite, and that a rudimentary brain is unneces- 
sary. The experiments of Harrison and of Lewis have not 
been published, and with their permission I have made this 
note of them. 
Finally, since the above was written, the remarkable ex- 
periments of Stockard,* of New York, made their appear- 
ance. Stockard found by placing the eggs of Fundulus into 
a solution of MgCl, that 50 per cent of them develop cyclopia. 
In them the two optic cups wandered towards each other and 
united, much as was the case in Lewis’ specimens in which the 
embryonic shield had first been pricked. The union of the two 
cups formed a large compound cup, which in turn derived its 
lens from the epidermis immediately over it in the middle 
line of the embryo. How the magnesium acts upon the 
embryo is not clear from Stockard’s description. No doubt 
it will be found that it retarded the growth of the frontal 
process much as is the case in Lewis’ experiments. How- 
ever, the salt acted also upon the whole body of the embryos, 
for their development was retarded, making them smaller than 
usual, and their circulation was feeble, but they did not die. 
In them, as in Lewis’ experiments, the growth of the brain 
was normal. 
The remarkable experiments of Stockard set at rest all 
germinal theories of. cyclopia, and prove that every egg has 
in it the power to develop cyclops monsters. 
At any rate, these experiments, as well as the numerous 
pathological embryos with deformed heads and faces, prove 
that there is an extensive destruction and shifting of tissues 
in the formation of monsters. This is also well illustrated 
in the production of club-foot in the human embryo. It has 
frequently been noticed that tadpoles whose development had 
been arrested formed stubby or club tails and fins, a condi- 
tion that corresponds well with club-shaped extremities in 
man. In my collection there are eighteen embryos with de- 
formed legs or feet, ranging from the very earliest period 
‘Stockard, Roux’s Archiv, XXIII, 1907. 
