No. 1.] ORIGIN OF HUMAN MONSTERS. 59 
at the time of the first abortion, but was more advanced at the 
time of the second abortion. (Later the woman died of 
pneumonia. See history of No. 308.) 
The second set, Nos. 110 and I4I, came from a woman 
who had had nine children, after which she broke down in 
health, about ten years ago, when she conceived quite regu- 
larly, but aborted each time. The two specimens, which 
are about a year apart, are much alike, no doubt due to their 
subjection to the same environment. The chorions are mark- 
edly changed and the embryos are macerated and very much 
deformed. 
The third set, No. 330a and b, are twin ova from a 
woman who had aborted once before. These two specimens 
show practically the same changes in the chorions and in the 
embryos, as may be seen by the figures and the description. 
The fourth and fifth specimens, Nos. 207 and 341, form 
two sets of duplicate twins. Unfortunately, no histories 
accompany either set of specimens. However, in each set the 
changes within the embryos are about the same degree, but, 
of course, these sets do not throw any light upon the question 
whether the primary change was in the germ or in its 
environment. 
The history of the first three sets, however, speak decidedly 
in favor of the hypothesis that the ova were normal to begin 
with, and the pathological changes within them are due to 
the diseased condition of the mucous membrane which sur- 
rounded them. The implantation was faulty and a variety 
of other complications was present to interfere with the 
nutrition and growth of the embryo, which consequently 
became deformed. 
Very recently Dr. West sent me two ova (Nos. 384 and 
419) from a woman with an undeveloped uterus of infantile 
type. She had been married three years, became pregnant 
twice and aborted on the fifty-fourth and on the fifty-ninth 
days. The chorions are covered with degenerated villi, which 
are imbedded in and encircled by much blood. Both are mark- 
edly pathological and each contains a deformed embryo about 
3 mm. long. 
