68 MALL. [Vor. XIX. 
Date. Author. No. Monsters. 
PLATS itt CA as 45 II 
MOOI SILEMER ae Faye tes 126 (alive) 36 
TOOL Vie NVirickel:: anise: 13: (alive) ang 
Aikehrer seein soe 93 (uterus 
bicornis) 7 
It is seen in the table from Von Winckel that the number 
of monsters increases in per cent from year to year. How- 
ever, he thinks that it is safe to say that one-half of 
the foetuses in ectopic pregnancy are deformed, the most 
common deformity being that of the hands and feet. Von 
Winckel further collected 87 cases (14 his own) and found 
that 57 of them were much deformed and 12 were markedly 
monstrous. Among these there were six cases of hydrocephalus 
and one each of hydromeningocele, encephalocele, anencepha- 
lus, omphalocele, spina bifida, and hypospadia. In addition, the 
head was found deformed, 57; legs, 44; arms, 35 times; with 
club-feet in 12 and amniotic bands in 4 cases. The placenta 
was usually deformed, sometimes multiple, broad and thin or 
short and thick, and often very hemorrhagic. 
In general, then, it is the poles of the body that suffer 
most, the head being deformed in 75, legs in 50, arms in 40 
and the trunk in 4 per cent of the cases. It is clear that a 
good share of the difficulty is due to ordinary mechanical 
causes, but the 12 cases that were markedly monstrous could 
not be due to such causes alone. For them we must hold 
the hemorrhagic placenta responsible, which could be in- 
cluded under what I have termed faulty implantation. There- 
fore, 14 per cent of the 87 cases become monstrous, while in 
normal pregnancies it is but .6 per cent. However, in all of 
100 total pregnancies the per cent would be as follows: 
P ies, Births Pathological. Monsters. 
regnancies Neen 
Uterine: 73507 100 80 y 6. 
Tubal eee 100 3 96 .50 
