XIV PREFACE. 



Dr. J. G. Cooper. After the termination of their official duties with the survey, Dr. Suckley 

 made a very extensive collection of birds at the Dalles, and on Puget's Sound, and Dr. Cooper 

 at Shoalwater bay, on Puget's Sound, and at Santa Clara, California. 



2. 38tii akd 39™ parallels, under Captain J. W. Gunnison, and the 41st, under Captain E. 

 G. Beckwith. — The duties of naturalist were performed by Mr. Kreuzfeldt until his death, 

 afterwards by Mr. Snyder, of Captain Beckwith's party. 



3. 35th parallel, under Captain A. W. Wuipple. — This party was at first divided into two, 

 one under Captain Whipple, starting at Fort Smith, accompanied by Mr. H. B. MoUhausen, as 

 naturalist; the other under Lieutenant Ives, from San Antonio, Texas, with Dr. Kennerly. Both 

 parties met at Albuquerque, and proceeded together to the Pacific. 



4. California line, under Lieutenant Williamson. — This party, with Dr. Heermann as 

 naturalist, explored the country from San Francisco to the Tejon Pass and the Colorado river. 



5. 32d parallel west, under Lieutenant J. G. Parke. — Lieutenant Parke's party, with Dr. 

 Heermann as naturalist, traversed the route from Fort Yuma to El Paso, and thence through 

 Texas. 



6. 32d parallel east, under Captain J. Pope. — From El Paso to Preston, on Red river. 

 Captain Pope's collections include the very extensive series of birds gathered by Dr. T. C. 

 Henry, U. S. A., at Fort Thorn and on the Mimbres. 



The preceding lines were organized in 1853 ; the following was sent out subsequently : 



Y. California and Oregon line, under Lieutenant Williamson. — This party explored the 

 Cascade mountains of California and Oregon. The zoological collections were made by Dr. J. 

 S. Newberry, geologist of the expedition. 



In addition to the preceding Railroad explorations, the results of the following miscellaneous 

 government expeditions, made under the War Department, have been embodied in the report : 



8. Exploration of the Llano Estacado, in 1854 and 1856, by Captain Pope. 



10. Exploration of the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone in 1856, under Lieut. G. K. War- 

 ren. — Very large collections of birds were made by this party, of which Dr. F. V. Hayden was 

 surgeon and naturalist. 



10. Exploration of the north side of the Platte river and Loup Fork in 1857, under Lieut. 

 G. K. Warren. — On this second expedition of Lieut. Warren, (Dr. Hayden naturalist,) large 

 collections of birds were made, especially on Laramie Peak and Loup Fork. 



11. Wagon road from Fort Riley to Bridger's Pass, under Lieut. F. T. Bryan. — This party, 

 with W. S. Wood as collector and naturalist, was out two seasons, 1856 and 1857, and made 

 very large collections. 



12. Survey of the Colorado river in 1857-8, under Lieut. J. C. Ives. — H. B. MoUhausen, 

 zoologist, aided by Dr. J. S. Newberry, geologist. A small portion only of the collections 

 have yet been received. 



The following expeditions, under the Department of the Interior, have also furnished important 

 materials : 



13. Survey of the United States and Mexican Boundary Line in 1851 to 1855. — The collec- 

 tions of this survey were made while Mr. John R. Bartlett, Mr. R. B. Campbell, and Major W. 

 H. Emory, U.S.A., were commissioners; and Colonel J. D. Graham, U.S.A., and Major Emory, 

 U.S.A., were in charge of the scientific department. The collections were made by Messrs. 

 J<)hn H. Chirk, Arthur Schott, Charles Wright, Dr. T. H. Webb, and Dr. C. B. Kennerly. 



