BIRDS — PICIDAE CENTUEUS CAEOLINUS. 109 



CENTUEUS CAEOLINUS, Bon. 



Red-bellied Woodpecker. 



Picus carolinus, Link. Syst. Nat. I, 17CG, 174.— Wilson, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 113 ; pi. vii, f. 2.— Add. Orn. Biog. 



V, 1839, 169 ; pi. 415.— Is. Birds Amer. IV, 1842, 270 ; pi. 270. 

 Centurvs carolinus, Sw. Bp. List, 1838. — Ib Conspectus, av. 1850, 119. 

 Centurus carolinensis, Sw. Birds, II, 1837, 310 ; (error.) 

 Picks grUeus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. II, 1807, 52 ; pi. cxTi. 

 ? Picus erythrauchen, Wagler, Syst. Avium, 1827 

 Picus zebra, Boddjirt, Tabl. pi. enl. (Gray, genera.) 



Sp. Ch. — Third, fourth, and fifth quills nearly equal, and longest ; second and seventh about equal. Top of the head and 

 nape crimson red. Forehead whitish, strongly tinged with light red, a shade of which is also seen on the cheek, still 

 stronger on the middle of the belly. Under parts brownish white, with a faint wash of yellowish on the belly. Back, rump, 

 and wirg coverts banded black and white ; upper tail covert white, with occasional blotches. Tail feathers black ; first trans- 

 versely banded with white ; second less so ; all the rest with whitish tips. Inner feathers banded with white on the inner web ; 

 the outer web with a stripe of white along the middle. Length SJ inches ; wing about 5. 



Female with the crown ashy ; forehead pale red ; nape bright red. 



Hab. — North America, from Atlantic coast to the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains. 



The quills are all tipped and edged with white, and have a white spot near their base. The 

 white bands on the back are about one-tenth of an inch wide ; the black nearly twice as large. 

 The under tail coverts are white, streaked with black. The red of the crown becomes rather 

 lighter on the nape, where there is sometimes a slight indication of yellowish. 



Specimens vary in the depth of color of the red on the belly and its extent. The chin is 

 sometimes tinged with red. 



A specimen from Fort Thorn does not differ appreciably, except in being a little smaller, and 

 the belly of rather a brighter red. All the western I have seen have the belly more red than 

 eastern ones. 



I do not find any diiference in eastern and Missouri specimens, except that none before me 

 from Pennsylvania show so much red as do western ones. 



A skin from Amelia island, (4924) Florida, is considerably smaller than more northern ones, 

 the wing measuring barely 5 inches. It differs a little in having the white bands above nar- 

 rower than usual, the black ones being at least three times the white instead of only twice. I 

 am unable to detect any other difierence however. Occasionally the breast is tinged with 

 reddish. 



Centuries subelegans, a small species of red bellied woodpecker from Mexico and Lower 

 California, (1257) is quite a miniature of C. carolinus, the wing measuring only 4^ inches, the 

 body about 8. The band across the base of the bill is of a purer white ; the white bands of 

 the back narrower ; the rump and upper tail coverts more spotted ; the white stripe on the 

 outer web of the inner tail feather broken up into blotches. The tibial feathers and under tail 

 coverts are strongly banded transversely. The fourth quill is longest ; the third and fifth a 

 little shorter. 



