BIRDS — PAKIDAE — LOPHOPHANES. 



3 S3 



The tail feathers of this species are entirely black except as stated, and exhibit a crimped 

 appearance. The size of the species is decidedly less than in P. caerulea. The tail is more 

 graduated, the outer feathers being about .35 of an inch shorter than the middle. The wings 

 are more rounded ; the second quill considerably shorter than the secondaries, the third scarcely 

 longer ; very different from caerulea. The exposed portion of the first primary is half that of 

 the second. 



The edges of the quills are paler than the ground color, but the tertials do not have the 

 decided white of caerulea. 



The synonymy of Swainson's species will be found in the accompanying foot note.' 



List of specimens. 



Sub-Family PARINAE. 

 LOPHOPHANES, Kaup. 



Lophophanes, Kaup, Entw. Gesch. Europ. Tl\ierwelt, 1829, (Agassiz.) Type Parus cristatus. 

 Baeolophus, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1850- '51, 91. Type Parus blcolor. 



Ch. — Crown with a conspicuous crest. Bill conical ; both upper and lower outlines convex. Wings graduated ; first quill 

 very short. Tail moderately long and rounded. 



Of this genus there are several North American species, all agreeing in general characters. 

 One of these, the L. woUweberi, is given by Cabanis as typical, while he separates the L. hicolor 

 generically under the name of Baeolophus, as having a rather different form of crest, stouter 

 bill and feet, and longer wings. All of our species, however, vary in these characters, each one 

 showing a different combination, so that I prefer to consider all as belonging to the same genus- 

 with P. cristatus. 



The species, all of whicli have the under parts uniform whitisli, may be arranged as follows : 



Above plumbeous ; forehead black ; crown much like the back L. hicolor. 



Above plumbeous ; forehead whitish ; crown black L. atricristatus. 



Above olivaceous; forehead and crown like the back L. inornatus. 



Sides of head banded black and white ; crown ash ; throat black L. wollioeheri. 



' The following is the synonymy of Swainson's species which has the two outer tail feathers white : 



POLIOPTILA LEUCOGASTRA, Sclater. 



Sylvia Uucogastra, Maxim. Beitrage, III, 1830, 710. 



Polioptila leucogaslra, Sclater, Pr. Zool. Soc. 1855, 12. 



Culicivora Uucogaftra, Bcrmeister, Th. Bras. Vogel, 1856, 111 . 



Culicivora alricapUla, Swainson, Zool 111. N. Ser. pi. Ivii. (Not of Lawrence.) 



Culicivnra dumecola, Bp. Conspectus, IS.SO, .S16. Not Stjhia dunucola of Vieillot. 



