512 



U. S. p. R. E. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY — GENERAL REPORT. 



XL, 1855, 356,) with Pyrgisoma Jcieneri, of Conspectus^ 186, as type {Fyrgisoma is based upon 

 Arremon biarcuatus, of Lafresnaye, figured in Voyage de la Venus, tab. vi, and erroneously 

 assigned to California.) The other species given as belonging to the genus are Pipilo rujipilevs, 

 {clilorurus) iorqualus, rufesce'ns,/uscus, and aberti. It is probable that the P. chlorurus would 

 be our North American type of Kieneria. I am not prepared to suggest a name for section B. 



Gray gives Melozone (not Meloxene) of Reichenbach, At. Syst. Nat. pi. Ixxix, 1850, as ante- 

 dating Pyrgisoma of Pucheran, 1851. The name, however, is given in Conspectus Avium, 20 

 July, 1850, although according to the title page, pi. 79 of Reichenbach was published June 

 1, 1850. 



Comparative measurements of species. 



PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS, Vieillot. 



Ground Robin ; Towhee ; Chewiuk. 



Fringilla erythrophtUalma, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 318.— Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 151 : V, 5ll ; pi. 29. 



Emhe.riza erythrophthalma, Gm. Syst. Kat. I, 1788, 874.— Wilson, Am. Orn. VI, 1812, 90 ; p]. liii. 



Pipillo erylhrophthalmus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. I, 1824, 109 ; pi. Ixxx. 



Pipilo erythrophthalnms, Bon. List, 1838— In. Conspectus, 1850, 487.— Aud. Syn. 1839, 124.— Ib. Birds Araer. Ill, 



1841, 167 ; pi. 195. 

 Pipilo ater, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. XXXIV, 1819, 292. 

 Towhee Bird, Catesbt, Car. I, 34. —Towkee Bunting, Latham, Syn II, i, 1783, 199.— Pennant, II, 1785, 359. 



Sr. Ch. — Upper parts generally, head and neck all round, and upper part of the breast, glossy black, abruptly defined against 

 the pure white which extends to the anus, but is bounded on the sides and under the wings by light chestnut. Under coverts 

 similar to sides, but paler. Edges of outer six primaries ivith white at the base and on the middle of the outer web ; inner 

 two tertiarics also edged externally with white. Tail featliers black ; outer web of the first, with the ends of the first to the 

 third white, decreasing from the exterior one. Iris red. Length, 8.75 ; wing, 3.75 ; tail, 4.10. 



Female with the black replaced by brown. 



//all. — Eastern United States to the Missouri river. 



In this species the cutting edge of the mandible is slightly concave, and not sinuated. Tlie 

 wing is short and rounded ; the fourth quill longest ; the first about equal to the secondaries. 



