526 



U. S. p. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY GENERAL REPORT. 



Comparative measurements of the species. 



Synopsis of species. 



Tail rounded, or graduated; height of bill half or more than its length. Shoulders and lesser 

 coverts bright crimson. 



Median wing coverts brownish yellow to the end. Bill with longitudinal wrinkles on 



bot'i mandibles .-/. phoeniceus. 



Median wing coverts black for the exposed portion, brownish yellow at the base. Lower 



jaw with transverse wrinkles A. guhernator. 



Tail nearly even ; height of bill at base less than half its length. Shoulders and lesser 

 coverts dark brownish orange ; median coverts white A. tricolor. 



AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS, Vieillot. 



Swamp Blackbird; Red-wing Blackbird. 



Oriolus phoeniceus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 176G, 161.— Gmelin, I, 1788, 386.— Lath. Ind. Orn. I, 1790, 428. 



.Sgelaius fhoeniceus, "Vieillot, Anal. 1816." — Swainson, F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 280. — Bonap. List, 1838. — Ib. 



Consp. 1850, 430.— AuD. Syn. 1839, 141.— Ib. Birds Amer. IV, 1842, 31 ; pi. 216. 

 hlerus phoeniceus, Licht. Verz. 1823, No. 188.— Bon. Obs. Wils. 1824, No. 68.— Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 348: V, 



1839, 487 ; pi. 67. 

 Psarocolius phoeniceus, Wagler, Syst. Nat. 1827, No. 10. 



Icterus {Xanthornus) phoeniceus, Bonap. Syn. 1828, 52. — Nuttall, Man. I, 1832, 167 ; 2d ed. 179. 

 Sturnus praedatorius, Wilson, Am. Orn. IV, 1811, 30 ; pi. xxx. 

 Red-winged oriole, Pennant, Arctic Zool. II, 255. 



Sp. Ch. — Tail much rounded ; tlie lateral feathers about half an inch shorter. Fourtli quill longest ; first about as long as the 

 fifth. Bill large, stout ; half as high, or more than half as liigh as long. 



Male. — General color uniform lustrous velvet black, with a greenish reflection. Shoulders and lesser wing coverts of a bright 

 crimson or vermilion red. Middle coverts brownish yellow, and usually paler towards the tips. 



Female. — Brown above, the feathers edged or streaked with rufous brown and yellowish ; beneath white, streaked with brown. 

 Fore part of throat, superciliary, and medianstripestrongly tinged with brownish yellow. Lengthof male, 9.50 ; wing, 5 ; tail, 4.15. 



Hab. — United States from Atlantic to Pacific. 



The bill is nearly straight in its outlines ; the commissure, except at base, perfectly so ; the 

 thickness of both mandibles the same, measured at the bend of the commissure, and perpendicular 

 to the upper and lower outlines. There are faint indications of striae on tlie bill proceeding 



