800 U. S. P K. K, EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY^ — GENERAL REPORT. 



HA.RELDA, Leach. 



" Harelda, Leach, 1816," Gray. Type .Inas glaclalis, L. 

 Clangula, Fleming, Philos. ZooL 1822. Same type. 

 Pagonetta, Kaup, Europ. Thierw. 1829. 



Ch. — Bill shorter than the head and tarsus, tapering laterally to the end ; tlic nail very broad, occupying the entire tip. 

 Lateral profile of lower edge of upper mandible straight to near the end, then rising suddenly to the prominent decurved nail. 

 Nostrils large, in the posterior half of the bill, their centre about opposite the middle of the commissure. Tertials long, 

 lanceolate, and straight. Tail pointed, of 14 feathers, the central feathers very long, equal to the wings. Bill with almost no 

 posterior lateral upper angle ; the feathers of the sides advancing obliquely forwards. Feathers of chin reaching beyond the 

 middle of the commissure, or almost to the anterior extremity of nostrils. Tail of 14 feathers. 



The genus Harelda, of Leach, is stated by Gray to have been established iu 181G, probably 

 in the "Catalogue of British Museum." If not published until 1824, in Shaw's General 

 •Zoology, the name will be anticipated by Clangula of Fleming, 1822. 



The characters of the single species are as follows : 



Summer. — Blackish ; the belly and sides whitish. Scapulars and lower part of back with 

 rufous edgings. A grayish patch on the side of head, passing behind into whitish. No white 

 spots, nor speculum. Inside of wing, and axillars, dark brown. 



Winter. — Similar, but with the head, neck, and scapulars, whitish H. glacialis. 



HARELDA GLACIALIS, Leach. 



South Southerly; Old Wife; Loug-tail. 



Anas gladalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 203.— Forster, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, 418.— Gmelin, I, 1788, 529.— 



Wilson, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 93, 96; pi. l.xx.— Sabine, Linn. Trans. VII, 555. 

 Harelda glacialis, " Leach."— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII, 1824, 175.— Sw. F. B. Am. II, 1831, 460.— Bon. 



List, 1838.— Etton, Mon. 1838, 162.— Brandt, Mem. Ac St. Pet. VI, 1849, 8. 

 Jinas (^Fuligula) gladalis, Bon. Obs. Wils. 1825, 275. 

 Fuligula (Clangula) glacialis, Bon. Syn. 1828, 395. 

 Fuligula (Harelda) gladalis, Nhtt. Man. II, 1834, 453. 

 Fuligula gladalis, Add. Orn. Biog. IV, 1838, 403 ; pi. 312.— Ib. Syn. 1839, 295.— le. Birds Amer. VI, 1843, 379 ; 



pi. 410. 

 Crymonessa gladalis, Macgil. Man. II, 186. 



Anas hyemalis, Linn. I, 1766, 202.— Forst. Phil. Tr. LXII, 1772, 418.— Gmelin, I, 529. 

 .5nas micionia, Boddaert. (Gray.) 

 «3iias leucocephalus, Bechst. (Gray.) 

 Anas brachyrUynchus, Eeseke. (Gray.) 

 Long-tailed Duck, Pennant. 

 Sp. Cu.—Male in summer. Bill black, orange yellow towards the tip. Head, neclt and breast, very darl^ blackish brown ; 

 the head above, back, rump, and middle tail feathers, black. The whole side of the head from the bill and to behind the eyes 

 and the sides of the body, pale bluish gray ; the portion of the cheek patch immediately around and behind the eye, with a 

 longitudinal streak each side the occiput ; the under parts generally, and the more external tail feathers, white. Feathers 

 on the fore part of the back, with the scapulars, broadly edged with light reddish brown ; under wing coverts and axillars, 

 brownish chocolate. No white whatever on the wing. 



Male in winter. Differs from summer dress in having the lioad and neck white to the jugulum and interscapular region. The 

 gray of the cheeks persistent, and a broad patch of black on the sides of the neck behind this. The scapulars are pale pearl 



gray. 



Female. Lacks the long points to the tail and scapulars. The head and neck dusky, with a whitish patch around the eye 



and on the sides of the neck behind. 



Length, 20.75; wing, 8.90 ; tail, 8.00 ; tarsus, 1.38; commissure, 1.62. 

 Kofc —Along both coasts of North America. Europe. 



