892 U. S. P R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY — GENERAL REPORT. 



A. Culmen as long as tarsus ; more than half the middle toe with its nail. 



Medium size; hill rather long and strong, hlack, yellow at the hase, with the tip pale ; 

 upper part of head and hind neck black, a white line under the eye ; throat ash gray ; 

 fore part and sides of the neck brownish red ; ruffs and crests very short. Type of 

 PedeaitJiyia, Kaup P. griseigena. 



Bather large ; hill rather long and strong ; blackish brown tinged with carmine ; upper 

 part of head and crests dark brown ; ruffs brownish red ending with brownish black ; 

 throat white ; neck adjoining the ruffs brownish red ; upper edge of the wing white ; 

 ruffs full and crests long. Podiceps, Lath P. cristatus. 



Very large ; bill long and slender, dusky black, with the cutting edges and tips yellow ; 

 loral space gray ; summer plumage not known P. occidentalis. 



Kather large ; bill long and slender, yellow, with the ridge of the upper mandible black ; 

 a line of white between the eye and the base of the bill ; summer plumage un- 

 known P. clarkii. 



B. Culmen about half as long as the tarsus ; not more than half the middle toe and nail. 



Small ; bill short and weak, bluish black, yellow at the tip ; upper part of head, cheeks, 

 tliroat and ruffs black ; occipital tufts yellowish red ; loral space carmine ; ruffs and 

 crests very full. Type of Bytes, Kaup P. cornutus. 



Small ; bill short and slender, dark brown, yellow at base of lower mandible, tip light 

 horn color ; has only been observed in winter plumage P. californicus. 



Small ; bill short, black tinged with blue ; head deep black ; tufts orange at base, yel- 

 lowish at the end ; throat and fore part of neck black ; ear tufts long. Type of Proc- 

 topus, Kaup P. auritus. 



PODICEPS GRISEIGENA, Gray. 



The Red-necked Grebe. 



Colymbus griseigena, Bodd. Tab. des PI. Enl. 1783, 55. 



Poiliceps subcrislatus, jAcquiN, Beit. 1784, 37. ; pi. xvjii. — Gm. I, 1788, 590. 



Colymljus parolis, Sparrmann, Mus. Carlos, pi. ix. 



Colymbus nihrkoUis, Gm. Syst. Nat. I. 1788, 592. 



Podicepa ruhricoUis, Lath. lad Oin. II, 1790, 783.— Bon. Syn. 1S28, No. 365.— Rich, and Sw. F. B. A. II, 1831, 



411.— NuTT, Man. II, 1834, 253.— Aud Orn Biog. Ill, 1835,617 : V, 1839, 620.— Ib. Birds Am. 



VII, 1844, 312 ; pi. cccclxxx. 

 Colymbus cucullatus, Pallas, Zoog. II, 1811, 355. 

 Colymbus naevius. Pall. ib. 356. 

 Colymbiis holboUi, Reinh. Yidensk. Meddel. 1853. 



Sp. Ch. — Adult. Upper plumage blackish brown, with the upper part of the head and hind neck black ; primaries ashy brown, 

 secondaries mostly white, a few of the inner ones dark ash ; cheeks and throat ash gray ; a white line extends from the lower 

 mandible under and beyond the eye ; fore part and sides of the neck rich brownish red ; lower parts silvery white, with the 

 sides dusky ; bill black, paler at the end and bright yellow at the base ; iris carmine ; tarsi and feet externally greenish 

 black, internally yellow. 



Length about 18 inches; wing, 7 ; bill, IJ ; tarsi, 2. 



Young. The upper pluniiige ia blackish brown, darker on the head; throat and abdomen white ; sides of the head and fore 

 part of neck brownish ash ; abdomen silky white ; sides dark brownish ash ; bill bright yellow. 



I/ab. — Fur countries and ia the Atlantic States, as far south as Pennsylvania, in winter. 



A very fine specimen, in full summer plumage, is in tlie collection from the Selkirk Settle- 

 ment, H. B. T., wliich measures 19i inches in length ; wing, 7| ; bill, IJ. 



This grebe is of a stouter ibrm aud with a siiorter neck than P. cristatus ; the occipital crest 

 is short, and the ruffs on the sides of the head very slight. 



