Carr and Watson, Orientation in the JVhite Rat. 39 



position of cul-de-sac G in the lengthened maze. After "bump- 

 ing" into the wall at IV several times, the rats tended to turn too 

 soon and consequently failed to round the turn. As a consequence 

 they formed the habit of running into cul-de-sac F. This error 

 was very characteristic and was difficult to eradicate. 



table I. 



Average time for successive trials in running the shortened maze. {Based upon records of 7 rats). 

 Normal .21 min. (5) .33 min. (10) .2501111. 



(0 -39 " W -33 '■ (") 



(2) -45 " (7) -33 " (i^) 



(3) -45 " (8) .^7 " (13) 



(4) -37 " (9) -15 " (h) 



The following record of Female III, which may be considered 

 typical of the series, furnishes the best description of their be- 

 havior. 



Sept. 6. (i) Ran into I with all her strength. Was badly staggered and did not recover normal 

 conduct until she had gone 9 ft. Ran against IV hard and then touched V lightly with nose. 

 (2)* Ran into I and "nosed" IV. 



(3) Hesitated at / and IV but did not touch walls with nose. 



(4) Perfect. 



Sept. 7. (5) Ran into / with sufEcient force to land her whole body against the wall. Did not 

 recover normal behavior until after passing IV. Stopped at IV. 



(6) Ran very slowly and hesitantly. Did not gather any momentum. Hesitation at the four 

 crucial corners. 



(7) Hugged inner wall at 7. Stopped at /F. 



(8) Perfect. 



Sept. 8. (9) Slowed up and hesitated at I and hugged inner wall at IV, 



(10) Stopped and "nosed'' at /, IV and V. 



(u) Perfect. 



(12) Perfect. 



Sept. 9. (13) Perfect. Ran rapidly. 



(14) Perfect. 



(15) Entered cul-de-sac F. 



(16) Perfect. 



Sept. 10. All four trials were correct. 



One result was obtained which is rather peculiar and is diffi- 

 cult of explanation. The six normal rats found little difficulty 

 with the turn at //. Three of these animals effected this turn 

 accurately in every trial. One rat touched the wall lightly on the 

 first trial but made the turn accurately thereafter. The fifth rat 

 struck the wall lightly on the ninth trial, but made the turn per- 

 fectly thereafter. The sixth rat hesitated at the turn on the fifth 

 and sixth trials. Out of a total of 120 trials, the rats touched this 

 wall lightly twice, and hesitated momentarily three times. In 

 the remaining 115 cases, the turn was made accurately and unhes- 

 itatingly. On the other hand, the blind rat found as much diffi- 



