96 'Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



nerve in rabbits there is found: the eye on the same side is turned down and inward 

 as though the internal and inferior rectus functioned with the other muscles 

 weakened. The contralateral eye is fixed outward and upward as if the abducens 

 muscle were paralyzed. There is a fixation of the head toward the operated side 

 and at times the neck is so much turned that the cheek or the head touches the floor. 

 There i a decided atony of the extremities. After a time all the phenomena decrease 

 in severity even after complete destruction of the labyrinth. Incomplete extirpation 

 of the labyrinth as well as the extirpation of the cochlea produce the main symptoms 

 noted above, but less completely. Bilateral extirpation of the labyrinths or the 

 eighth nerves produces a strong atony in nearly all muscles; protrusion of the eyes 

 which are level, but with nystagmus; the head is erect but wobbles and is often 

 thrown back in paroxysms; the ears hang down; the back is sunk in; the legs can 

 no longer bear the weight of the body; the animal crawls rather than walks, with 

 the legs apart and the extremities extended. There is, therefore, a normal tonus 

 control by the labyrinth. The removal of the influence produces inexactitude in 

 movement, not paralysis. 



An interesting report of work on the anatomical relations of the cerebellum was 

 that of Dr. L.J.J. Muskens (Amsterdam), A, on cerebellar connections. Animals 

 that had part of the cerebellum injured or destroyed were examined by the Marchi 

 method and the results were given in the paper. In the rabbit the flocculus cere- 

 belli (lobulus petrosus cerebelli) contains cortical matter, but also a part of the 

 dentate nucleus; after this whole lobe had been removed no degeneration was found 

 in the restiform body or in the spinal cord, but there was a coarse degeneration of 

 the middle third of the superior crus cerebelli. This peduncle, therefore, is not 

 connected with the spinal cord, but is made up of strands of fibers similar to the 

 fibers in the internal capsule. The ventrothalamic bundle of Probst was also 

 found degenerated in all cases. In the squirrel the flocculus contains only cortical 

 matter and fibers, but no part of the dentate nucleus. In this animal after destruc- 

 tion of the flocculus the degeneration stops in the dentate nucleus. In the cat the 

 superior crus cerebelli was found to be the seat of degenerations, but there were 

 none in the inferior crus or in the cord. In cats, after section of the superior 

 peduncle in front of its decussation caudal to the red nucleus, no degeneration was 

 found in the reticular nucleus and the predorsal region, but in one animal after 

 lesion of the tegmentum (the instrument passing through the middle peduncle) 

 there was some degeneration of transverse fibers, which ran through the substantia 

 reticularis, sweeping dorsally across the raphe and ascending to the red nucleus on 

 the other side. Dr. Muskens concluded that the majority of the fibers of the ven- 

 tral cerebello-thalamic bundle may be considered as a part of the decussation of 

 the superior crus; the only diff'erence is that they cross the raphe far more distally 

 in the pons, and in the rabbit at least a number of the fibers appear to run in the 

 crus cerebelli ad pontem. 



On the physiology of the cerebellum, van Rynberk (Rome), H, reported some 

 experiments. This was a continuation of the work upon which he had formerly 

 been engaged, but instead of dogs the author used sheep. The cerebellum of the 

 sheep, it will be remembered, diff'ers from that of the dog in that the posterior 

 median lobule of the dog is inconsiderable, and the ansiform lobule is large, while 

 in the sheep there is a large posterior lobule and a small ansiform lobule. Localized 

 results followed diff"erent lesions of these parts of the cerebellum, especially those 



