Franz, T%vo Intenjational Congresses. 97 



concerned with movements of progression. When the ansiform lobule was extir- 

 pated on one side there was no observable effect. When this sort of lesion was 

 combined with the destruction of the posterior median lobule there was ambulatory 

 dysmetria in the homolateral forefoot (Hdhnetrttt of Luciani). After simple 

 extirpation of the posterior median lobule there was always an inability to move, 

 which was transient but for a time complete. After extirpation of the paramedian 

 lobule there was a turning of the animal about the long axis. 



Dr. W. A. Jolly (Edinburgh), H, read an account of "the effects of lesions of 

 the ascending parietal convolution in monkeys." He told of experiments that he 

 had performed in which lesions of the ascending parietal convolution were made 

 by the cautery, which were followed by distinct degenerations in the posterior limb 

 of the internal capsule. When the lesion embraced all of the convolution the 

 animals exhibited a preference for the use of the limb on the homolateral side, 

 indicating in general that there was not so good control of the limb innervated 

 or supplied by the nerves going to the ascending parietal (nerves for muscle sensa- 

 tion, probably). There was, however, no definite ataxia noted, but this is not 

 surprising in view of the experiments of Sherrington that are recorded above and 

 other experiments by the same investigator. It is interesting that the ability to 

 salute at the word of command remained unimpaired after the whole ascending 

 parietal region on the opposite side had been destroyed, but the reader gave no 

 indication of how long before the operation the habit had been formed. 



The paper of Lewendowski (Berlin), J, was one of the most interesting at 

 either congress, if he has excluded all other explanations for the condition he 

 reported. The title of his paper is "Abspaltung des Farbensinnes durch Herder- 

 krankung des Gehirns." In this he gave an account of a patient who had hemi- 

 plegia and hemianopia, but in the field of vision still remaining colored stimuli 

 evidently did not mean color, for he could not name a color that was shown to him, 

 or state the color of an object that was given, or select a color when the name was 

 spoken, or match colors. According to other tests there was no definite color 

 blindness, but there was no connection between the colors and the names of colors. 



On account of the recent disputes regarding aphasia, which have been due to 

 the investigations and writings of Marie, the discussion of the subject by Professor 

 VON MoNAKOW (Zurich), A. Pick (Prague), Liepmann (Berlin) and Hartmann 

 (Graz) was most welcome (J). Pick in discussing "Asymbolie und Apraxie," 

 dealt in a very general way with the problems, but referred especially to the mean- 

 ings of the terms used to designate the different forms of disturbance in the appre- 

 ciation of sensations dealing with social intercourse, that is, in the naming, under- 

 standing and in general the appreciation of the things used by all for the conveyance 

 of ideas. He noted the three ways, all different, in which the term asymboly has been 

 used, and urged that the term should be employed in its original sense and should 

 be used to imply what Finkelberg had first used it to mean, disturbances of the 

 means of expression. If it be used in this sense it would include many of the forms 

 of so-called aphasia, but not all. Agnosia, in Wernicke's sense, and apraxia 

 would not be included but considered separate subjects. Von Monakow entitled 

 his communication "Aphasie und Apraxie." Aphasia, apraxia and asymboly, 

 he said, are names for groups of conditions accompanyiny disturbances in a motor 

 or sensory sphere. The conditions are large and can only be roughly outlined but 

 they fall into two main groups: (i) in which especially the use and understanding 



