164 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



ing to their genetic relations: glia-genetic cells, astrocytes of young 

 form, astrocytes of definitive form, cells without processes. Relation 

 of neuroglia to the vessels, to the nerve cells and fibers. Structure 

 and relations of the ependyma. Many of the figures show lack of 

 care and exactness, and some are inadequate to their purpose. 



J. B. J. 



Pinkus, F. Ueber Hautsinnesorgane neben den menschlichen Haar (Haar 

 scheiben) und ihre vergleichend-anatomische Bedeutung. A>xh. f. mik. 

 Anat., 65, Heft i, 121-179, 4 pis., 1904. 

 Man, ape, monotremes, reptiles. Histological methods and intra- 

 vitam methylene blue. Deals with the homology of the organ in man 

 with the Tastfleck in reptiles and of the hair with an undifferentiated 

 part of the reptilian scale. j. b. j. 



Ballowitz, E. Die Riechzellen des Flussneunauges (Petromyzon fluviatilis L.) 



Arch.f. mik. Aiiat., 65, Heft i, 68-85, ' ?'■> I904- 

 Ewing, Henry Z. The Functions of the Nervous System, with Special Regard 



to Respiration, in Acrididae. A'aiisns Unh'. Sci. Bull., 2, 305-319, 1904. 



The main object of Mr. Ewing's investigations on several species 

 of grasshoppers has been the study of the nervous control of respira- 

 tion. In addition he has made a considerable number of observations 

 on other functions of the nervous system. His results in the main 

 corroborate those of Bethe, and point to the segmental character of 

 many of the reactions of the insect. 



The conclusions reached are based on effects observed after the 

 removal of the various ganglia. While the supraoesophageal and 

 suboesophageal ganglia are found to exercise no control over respira- 

 tory movements, each ganglion of the thoracic and abdominal 

 ventral nerve cord appears to act as the center for the respiratory and 

 general reflex movements of the segment in which it lies. Neither 

 the supraoesophageal nor suboesophageal ganglion is the center for 

 coordinated movements. These can be carried out by the insect 

 after the entire head has been cut off. Removal of the supraoeso- 

 phageal ganglion destroys the animal's power to inhibit reflexes, and 

 it no longer executes swallowing movements. There is also a loss of 

 tonus of the muscles and general weakness. The suboesophageal 

 ganglion appears to have some control over equilibration. 



F. W. C- 



Lukas, Franz. Psychologic der niedersten Tiere. Eine Untersuchung ilber die 



ersten Spuren psychischen Lebens im Tierreiche. Branmiiller, Wein und 



Leipzig, 1905, Vni + 276. 



This book, although complete in a certain sense in itself, is issued 



.as the first part of a general aniiual psychology which the author tells 



