i66 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



statements and places his conclusions upon clearly defined bases of 

 inference, which he discusses at length in his introductory and con- 

 cludino; chapters. 



This book is a valuable contribution to the text-book and stu- 

 dent literature of animal psychology. R. M. y. 



Parker, G. H. Hearing and Allied .Senses in Fishes. Bull. U. S. Fish Com- 

 mission, 45-62, for 1902 (published in 1904). 

 Professor Parker after an admirably clear and concise historical 

 sketch of his subject describes a series of experiments in which by 

 nerve cutting he succeeded in demonstrating the specific functions 

 of the ear and lateral line organs of Fundulus, mackerel and men- 

 haden . 



Detailed work was done with Fundulus hctovcUtus. According 

 to the author this animal when normal responds to vibrations trans- 

 mitted to the water of the aquarium by a tuning fork of 128 V. by 

 movements of the pectoral fins and increased respiratory rate. After 

 the eighth nerve has been cut these responses no longer appear, hence 

 the author concludes that the fish possesses a sense of hearing. 



Similarly it is shown that the reactions to slight mass movements 

 of the water, which are characteristic of the normal Fundulus, are 

 not given by individuals in which the nerves to the lateral line organs 

 have been cut. 



This work is of special interest and importance, first, because the 

 experiments were simple in plan, carefully executed, and definite in 

 their results;' second, because the results themselves are in large part 

 contradictory of much that has heretofore been published on jthe 

 subject. 



It is Parker's belief that the cutaneous organs, the lateral 

 line organs and the ear form a series of sensory organs which respond 

 to mechanical stimuli of various degrees of delicacy. Gross stimuli 

 perhaps effect the cutaneous organs chiefly, less violent stimuli act 

 primarily upon the lateral line organs, and the most delicate mechan- 

 ical stimuli affect the ear. r. m. \ . 



Jennings, Herbert S. Contributions to the Study of the Behavior of 

 Lower Organisms. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1904, Publication 

 No. 16, pp. 256. 



First Paper. Reactions to Heat and Cold in the Ciliate Infusoria. 

 As Paramecium swims it draws towards its anterior end a vortex 

 of water which passes in a slender stream along its oral groove to the 

 mouth. Thus any stimulus that can be transmitted by such a stream, as 

 for instance a chemical or heat and cold, comes into contact with the 



