LoESER, Functions of the Frog s Brain. 371 



(4) Spine was bent in the thoracic region concave to the homonymous 

 side, 

 (b) From second week to two and a half months, 



(1) Locomotion improved very little. 



(2) All the other symptoms had considerably improved in one week ; 



but were far from normal, and were characteristically present af- 

 ter stimulation two and a half months afterward. 



XV. Bilateral excision of everything anterior to the medulla. 



(a) From a half hour to three days, 



(i) Croak reflex is difficult to elicit. 



(2) Turning over reflex is inhibited. 



(3) In addition, all symptoms as after operation VI and XIII. 



(b) Four days to one month after operation, 



(1) Collective symptoms of operation VI and XIII. 



(2) Croak and turn-over reflex are normal. 



(3) Swallowing, heart action and respiratory reflexes, and sense of 



equilibrium are intact. 



XVI. Unilateral Excision of the right side of the medulla anterior to the 

 calamus scriptorius. 



The observations pertaining to this operation necessitate recording at 

 shorter intervals. I shall use the same number for an observation 

 throughout, and after noting a phenomenon once, shall not men- 

 tion it again until at the end, unless it changes. 



A. Ten minutes after operating. 



(1) No reaction with head or body movements on rotating table. 



(2) Body, especially anterior portion and head, are lower on homony- 



mous side than on crossed side. 



(3) Legs on crossed side, especially the posterior one, are far extended 



and abducted. 



(4) Legs on homonymous side, especially anterior, are superflexed and 



adducted. 



(5) Forced rotatory movements around the sagittal axis of body toward 



the homonymous side are the sole movements. 



(6) Abdominal respiration on the homonymous side is stopped. 



(7) Narial and oral respiratory movements are bilaterally normal. 



B. One half to five hours after operating. 



(8) Eye reflex to pressure on the homonymous side is gone but is 



normal on the crossed side. 



(9) Crossed eye is turned upward and outward. 



(10) Homonymous eye is turned downward and inward. 



(11) Homonymous eye is turned upward synchronously with inspiration; 



and downward with expiration. 



(12) Nictitating membrane of homonymous eye is evidently beyond the 



animal's control ; it covers the eye, especially when this moves 

 downward. 



(13) Croak reflex elicited only in a depressed degree. 



(14) Swallowing reflex is normal. 



(15) Spine and neck curved as after operation XIV. 



