AUTHOR S ABSTRACT OP THIS PAPER ISSUED 

 BY THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICE, MARCH 31 



ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE 



GONADS AS CONTROLLERS OF SOMATIC AND 



PSYCHICAL CHARACTERISTICS 



L THE RAT 



CARL R. MOORE 

 Hull Zoological Laboratories, University of Chicago 



FIVE FIGURES 



In several papers during the past few years E. Steinach has 

 described many changes occurring during the development of 

 mammals, both of a somatic and of a psychical nature, which 

 he affirms are due to a secretion of the sex gland. ^ He reports 

 that an ovarian graft in a completely castrated young male rat 

 or guinea-pig will so modify the subsequent development that 

 the animal becomes somatically and psychically a female. These 

 animals are proportionately lighter in weight, shorter in body 

 length, hair smooth and fine, and pelvis smaller than that of 

 males of the same age. Also these 'feminized males' react more 

 like females than males (more docile, absence of male instincts 

 toward female rats, reactions toward young characteristic of 

 that of a mother). In guinea-pigs growth of the mammary 

 glands and milk secretion was also reported. In the reverse 

 experiment, i.e., if pieces of testicular tissue are grafted into 

 completely spayed young females, the animals become mascu- 

 linized as maturity is reached; they resemble males instead of 

 females both somatically and psychically. 



Steinach supposes that a secretion from the interstitial cells 

 of the grafted testis and ovary in each case is the controlling 

 factor since the secondary characteristics of the opposite sex 

 do not appear unless the implanted gonad obtains vascular con- 



1 See Steinach, '10, '11, '12, '13. 



137 



