GONADS AS CONTROLLERS OF CHARACTERISTICS 145 



all the other bones in the body. No x-ray examinations of the 

 pelvis of the modified rats have been made by the writer, but it 

 appears that probably these characteristics, also, are not specific 

 nor distinctive. In a rat of smaller size one would naturally 

 suppose that the pelvis would be smaller as well as all other bones 

 of the body. And it would seem probable that the condition of 

 intersex, as one encounters it in these cases, would present the 

 same difficulties for discrimination as would weight, length, 

 hair coat, etc. 



The fat deposit featured by Steinach is a poor indicator of 

 sexual conditions. It is generally true that the tendency for 

 fat accumulation in the normal female rat is more pronounced 

 than in the male. For this to be constant even in the normal 

 condition presupposes a continued, uniform metabolic condi- 

 tion. The question of intergradations in sex again arises as well 

 as the difficulty of recognizing the quantitative amounts of the 

 fat deposit. To illustrate from this litter: Kats I and VI showed 

 a greater amount of fat deposit than did rat no. V^ but the two 

 former rats possessed implanted testis,^" while the latter possessed 

 the implanted ovary, and the fat deposition should have been 

 reversed. Rat VIII, on the other hand, possessed more fat de- 

 posit than either I or VI, w^hich should be the case if only the 

 implanted glands were to be considered. This affords us little 

 evidence for or against the assumption of a modification follow- 

 ing implantation of the corresponding sex gland. 



OBSERVATION ON BEHAVIOR 



The behavior of these rats has given more evidence to support 

 the idea that the sex gland regulates the characteristics of the 

 animal than any other set of characters which has been observed. 



A. Feminized males 



These behavior observations were carried out both while the 

 animals observed were in the cage with other members of this 



' The amount of fat was not actually determined quantitatively, but merely 

 noted from macroscopic observations. 



'" For conditions of these grafts, see section on microscopic observations. 



