MODIFICATION OF THE GERM-CELLS IN MAMMALS 139 



the animals have been treated by inhalation of alcohol fumes, while 

 human alcoholics have taken the substance into the stomach. 



The difference between the effects on the treated individual 

 of the two methods of administering alcohol cannot be too 

 strongly urged. By the inhalation method the individual ex- 

 periences only the stimulating or with further dosage the intoxi- 

 cating and anaesthetizing effects of alcohol. As far as we have 

 detected there are no injurious secondary effects on the indi- 

 vidual's welfare resulting from habitual inhalation of ethyl- 

 alcohol fumes. The results are very different, however, when 

 the guinea-pigs drink daily doses of 15 per cent ethyl alcohol. 



Fig. 5 The same male, No. 116, is shown on the right and an alcoholic female. 

 No. 158, is on the left. She was more than four years old and had been treated 

 with alcohol for over two and one-half years, yet she is in no way injured in 

 appearance. 



Only a few animals and a short time are sufficient to demon- 

 strate the fact. A number of animals were given alcohol into the 

 stomach at the beginning of these experiments and their diges- 

 tion and metabolism were so deranged by the treatment that 

 we w^ere forced to devise and adopt the inhalation method as a 

 more likely means of conducting an experiment of long duration. 



It has been shown by us for guinea-pigs, and Pearl has dem- 

 onstrated with fowls, the prosperous manner in which animals 

 withstand the inhalation of alcohol vapor. 



We may now give briefly the effects on three guinea-pigs of 

 drinking dail}- doses of alcohol for only three weeks. The ani- 

 mals, Nos. 173 9, 1098 cr', and 11846", at the beginning of the 



