154 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND GEORGE N. PAPANICOLAOU 



In the alcoholic lines about 2| per cent of the individuals were 

 grossly defective. By defective is meant those specimens which 

 show deformities, such as one abnormally small eye, cataract 

 or opaque lenses, deformed limbs, paralysis of the limbs, gross 

 tremors which make the animal incapable of locomotion or 

 proper feeding, etc. There are slightly more defectives in the 

 alcoholic inbred groups, 3.31 per cent in all. 



The next line records the over-size or unusually large animals, 

 those weighing more than 500 grams when three months old. 

 Among the control 30 per cent of the individuals born singly or 

 one in a litter grew to be unusually large specimens. More than 

 10 per cent of those in litters of two were also unusually large, 

 and 5.53 per cent of the three in litter animals are included in 

 this class. None of those born in litters of four or five were 

 able to attain such a size. Of the total control animals over 

 five and one-half per cent were of this large size, while only about 

 half as many from the alcoholic and alcoholic inbred lines at- 

 tained such a distinction, yet in both treated groups there were 

 over two and one-half per cent of large specimens. 



The last line of the table shows the occurrence of unusually 

 small animals, those weighing less than 300 grams when three 

 months old. Among 233 control animals only one such individual 

 appears, 0.42 per cent. The alcoholic lines contain more than 

 three times as many of these as the control, but still very few, 

 onlj^ 1.34 per cent. The numbers in the normal inbred column 

 are too small for consideration, .\mong the 302 alcoholic in- 

 bred animals there were eleven under-size specimens, or 3.64 

 per cent. This is almost three times as high a percentage as 

 occurred in the alcoholic lines and over eight times as high as is 

 recorded for the control animals. 



Comparing the present results with those of our earlier papers, 

 particularly with the similar table 2 ('16), it will be noticed that 

 the numbers involved are almost twice as great and the records 

 of the animals considered are decidedly better than were for- 

 merly shown. This improvment in the quality of all lipes is due 

 to several factors. . In the first place, the breeding methods have 

 been decidedly improved since studying the oestrous cycle of 



