176 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND GEORGE N. PAPANICOLAOU 



on the average to more remote generations than was the case in 

 the two single alcohohc-parent columns. 



In spite of the generations concerned, there is a higher per 

 cent of small litters and a lower per cent of large litters here than 

 in any other class in the entire table. Consequently there is 

 also the lowest average litter. In so extreme a case there was no 

 doubt a high early prenatal mortality. The average litter weight 

 is actually low, but allowing for the small-size litter the average 

 birth weight of the individuals is about as much as the control, 

 again indicating that an individual selection has occurred through 

 an elimination of the weaker embryos during the early develop- 

 mental stages. 



The extremely small-size litter and the high 'early prenatal 

 mortality' may also in addition to the generations concerned ex- 

 plain to some extent the relatively low total mortality and es- 

 pecially the lower rate of late prenatal mortality as compared 

 with postnatal. 



The questions involved in the present section may be still 

 further ar alyzed by rearranging the data on the basis of only male 

 ancestors treated or only female ancestors treated instead of 

 only father alcoholic and only mother alcoholic. Table 4 pre- 

 senting this arrangement will be reviewed in the following sec- 

 tion, after which several points of interest may be better 

 discussed. 



9. A COMPARISON OF LINES FROiM ONLY MALE ANCESTORS ALCO- 

 HOLIC WITH LINES FROM ONLY FEMALE ANCESTORS 

 ALCOHOLIC AND WITH THOSE FROM BOTH MALE 

 AND FEMALE ANCESTORS ALCOHOLIC 



The records tabulated on the basis of male or female ancestors 

 treated supplement the arrangements in table 3, where the 

 groups are classed for only father or mother alcoholic. In table 

 3 the alcoholic father may owe his alcoholism to the treatment 

 of any of his ancestors, either male or female or both. The 

 alcoholic effects, if any, are there due to the paternal ancestry. 

 The same applies to the groups with only mother alcoholic. 



