186 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND GEORGE N. PAPANICOLAOU 



The average litter size is high in both female columns and the 

 mating failures lower than in the male groups. \ATiile the total 

 mortality is extremely high, being in the two-generation treated 

 column on the basis of litter size over twice as high as either 

 treated-male column and about four times the control record. 

 The proportion of late prenatal to postnatal mortality is in the 

 first female column over three to one and in the last column 

 over six to one. There were some defective animals in both 

 female groups. The records of the females in this and the two 

 preceding tables are out of accord with the records from fowls 

 and do not fit an explanation based on a germinal selection or 

 partial infertility. The total productivity is good and the late 

 prenatal and the postnatal mortality are high. 



It is seen at once that the records from the treated-female 

 generations are far worse than from the treated-male generations; 

 in fact, so much worse that we are led to conclude that the alco- 

 hol has not acted on exactly the same things in the two cases. 

 The increased effect of the treatment in the double female column 

 is much more evident than in the two male generation column. 

 The results in the male columns are due only to an action of the 

 treatment on the spermatozoa or male germ cells, while the re- 

 sults in the female columns are also due to the effects of the 

 treatment on the germ cells or ova, but more largely to the 

 effects of the alcohol on the developing embryos within the 

 uterus of the treated mother. Provided the effects of alcohol 

 were equal on the sperm and ova of guinea-pigs, the difference 

 between these two sets of records would then represent the 

 action of the treatment on the developing embryo itself. 



Although the records in table 5 involve only small numbers, 

 we are led to believe that they represent the true trend of the 

 effects, since they harmonize so perfectly with the data of dif- 

 ferent composition yet much more complete shown in tables 

 3 and 4. 



Here again, as in tables 3 and 4, the treated-male lines show 

 the early prenatal mortality (based on the average Utter size 

 and frequent mating failures) to be unusually high while in the 

 female line it is low. In the male lines the late prenatal and 



