MODIFICATION OF THE GERM-CELLS IN MAMMALS 187 



total mortality is low while in the female lines the late pre- 

 natal mortality is extremely high and the total mortality very 

 great. 



Finally, this table may be considered as supplying evidence of 

 the increased effect of higher or longer alcoholic dosage. The 

 double male records which have usually been derived from ani- 

 mals that have had longer or more treatment during the two 

 generations are somewhat inferior to the one generation male 

 treated records, and this inferiority is very much more decided 

 for the female groups in the case of the higher-dosed two-genera- 

 tion records. 



11. THE SEX-RATIO IN RELATION TO PATERNAL AND MATERNAL 



ALCOHOLISM AND TO THE TREATMENT OF MALE 



AND FEMALE ANCESTORS WITH ALCOHOL 



In the last group of table 3 it will be remembered that all of 

 the non-inbred acohohc descendants were separated into three 

 classes with only father alcoholic, only mother alcoholic, and 

 both parents alcoholic. Again, in the last group of table 4, 

 these 594 animals were rearranged into three classes, from only 

 male ancestors treated, only female ancestors treated, and both 

 male and female ancestors treated. The difference between 

 these classifications are made clear in the discussion of tables 3 

 and 4. If we now record the number of males and females com- 

 posing each of these six classes and express their sex-ratios on 

 the basis of the number of males to every 100 females, a most 

 peculiar result is obtained, and one for which it is very difficult 

 to give a completely satisfactory explanation. 



The number of males and females and their mortality records 

 in each of the six classes are shown in table 6. As a standard of 

 comparison the 233 control animals are similarly recorded in 

 this table. For further comparisons a total sex-ratio and the 

 sex-ratios for animals born in different size litters are given be- 

 low the table. The total sex-ratio calculated for about 1600 

 animals is 109.6; that is, 109.6 males to every 100 females. Many 

 of these animals were from alcoholic lines, so that this sex-ratio 

 may not be exactly normal. Yet a further perusal of the table 



