MODIFICATION OF THE GERM-CELLS IN MAMMALS 189 



will suggest a tendency on the part of the different alcoholic 

 lines to level the sex-ratio to normal when they are combined as 

 a grand total, yet we are not by any means comparing the sex- 

 ratios from the alcoholic lines with an average alcoholic ratio. 

 The sex-ratios of 194 animals born one in a litter was 113; of 

 578 born two in a litter, sex-ratio 114.8; of 579 born three in a 

 litter, sex-ratio 101.7, and of 248 animals born in litters of four, 

 the sex-ratio was 106.6. 



The first column of table 6 shows that of the 233 non-inbred 

 control animals, 120 were males and 106 were females. The 

 proportion of males to females is thus 113.2 to 100; that is, a 

 sex-ratio of 113.2. The average-size litter in which these ani- 

 mals were born is shown in parentheses in the sex-ratio space as 

 2.77. The- mortality record for the males was about the same as 

 for the females, having only a very slight advantage. 



The third column of animals from only mother alcoholic are 

 also in the majority of cases individuals from only female an- 

 cestors treated, the sixth column, but not entirely so, as many 

 of the mothers may have been alcoholic on account of a treated 

 father or grandfather. In general, however, the third and sixth 

 columns are rather the same in composition, the sixth being a 

 purely female treated group while the third column is largely 

 so but not entirely, and while not necessarily to be treated 

 together they may be considered in connection with one another. 

 A point of immediate notice is that the sex-ratios in both of 

 these columns, 96.8 and 86.5, are very low. 



When only the father is alcoholic, second column, or only the 

 male ancestors are treated, fifth column, the sex-ratios are higher, 

 101.7 and 109.1. While if both parents are alcoholic, fourth 

 column, or male and female ancestors are treated, seventh col- 

 umn, the sex-ratios are very high, 121.1 and 123.5. It must 

 also be noticed that these differences in sex-ratios are more 

 accentuated in the last three columns, giving the descendants 

 from only female ancestors treated with alcohol the lowest sex- 

 ratio in the entire table; those from only male ancestors treated 

 a considerably higher ratio, and from both male and female 

 ancestors treated the highest sex-ratio for all groups. A differ- 



