MODIFICATION OF THE GERM-CELLS IN MAMMALS 201 



in litters of one was 318.28 grams against 297.68 grams for the 

 alcoholic litters of one. The general average weight at one 

 month for the normal series was 228.64 grams against a general 

 average of 213.94 grams for the alcoholics. 



The average daily increase in weight during the first month 

 is given in the third line of the table. It shows a mean daily 

 increase for normal animals of 5.04 grams and for alcoholic 

 animals only 4.78 grams. Members of small litters in both 

 groups gained more rapidly than members of large litters. 



The weights at the end of the third month, when the animals 

 are about mature, are given in the fourth line of the table. Nor- 

 mal animals born one in a litter average over 500 grams, while 

 comparable alcoholic animals weigh only 460.12 grams. The 

 average normal animal at three months old weighs 425.11 grams 

 against an average of 404.15 for the alcoholic animal. 



The last line shows that the average daily gain in weight 

 during the second and third months was about as great for the 

 alcoholic animals as for the normals. A much greater selection 

 or elimination has taken place previous to this time among the 

 alcoholic series than among the normal, as a reference to any of 

 the mortality tables will show. 



All in all, table 8 would seem to indicate that in every case 

 the normal offspring weigh more and grow more rapidly shortly 

 after birth than do the young alcoholic specimens. 



The several points considered above and their general meaning 

 may be much more clearly expressed in the diagram, figure 9. 

 On the left side of the diagram are shown the records for the 

 alcoholic series and the normal records are on the right. The 

 shaded right-angle triangles represent the difference in average 

 weight between the individuals in litters of one, two, three, four, 

 and five at birth, at one month old, and at three months old 

 from the two series. The altitudes of the right triangles measure 

 the magnitude of the differences. 



Animals born one in a litter in the alcoholic and the normal 

 series, as the bottom short triangle indicates, show a greater dif- 

 ference in weight than those from any other size litter except 

 that consisting of five individuals as the low long triangle repre- 



