210 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND GEORGE N. PAPANICOLAOU 



normal animals of the same general stock as the alcoholics, not 

 one grossly deformed individual has been born in over 400 cases, 

 and, as stated above, this is a remarkable record which argues 

 strongly for the perfection of the stock. In considering the de- 

 fective young, one must also keep in mind the fact that these 

 are not worse, but, on the contrary, are better organized than 

 individuals which die during early stages of development. 



At three months old,^ as No. 8 in the table indicates, fewer 

 alcoholic than control animals were larger than usual or over 

 size, though some were, while the next line shows that more 

 alcoholic animals were small or under size, weighing less than 

 300 grams. 



The later generations of the alcoholic stock are improved by 

 the continued elimination- of weak and defective individuals 

 which die or are unable to breed, and also by the introduction of 

 more and more normal germ plasm from generation to genera- 

 tion until a mortality rate of 42,4 per cent for the Fi generation 

 becomes only 17.14 per cent for the F4 generation. This is a 

 clear demonstration of the alcohol effect and may also serve to 

 show the action of increased germ dosage. The earlier genera- 

 tions being nearer the directly treated animals receive higher 

 doses than do the later generations where in most cases the dose 

 has been considerably diluted by a mixture of normal germ 

 plasm. 



The sex-ratio in the alcoholic group seem to have been modi- 

 fied in ways which we have attempted to explain. 



The average weight of the alcoholic litter is less than the 

 normal and the average individual birth weight of an alcoholic 

 specimen is also less than for the normal. The average weight 

 of the alcoholic individuals at one month old is below the nor- 

 mal and the average weight at "the age of three months, when 

 guinea-pigs are about mature, is still below the weight of the 

 control animals. 



Therefore, in the fourteen measured points considered, the 

 offspring of the alcoholic series are below the normal control in 

 thirteen cases and apparently equal to the control in only one. 



The qualities are largely the same as those we have considered 



