SEX STUDIES. XI 5 
treading hens has no evident basis in the structure of the repro- 
ductive apparatus. 
The external characters of four of the Holland birds is shown 
in their photographs (figs. 1 to 4). Unfortunately 1425 died 
before she was photographed. None of these birds look like 
entirely normal females or males. No. 1429 (fig. 1) appears the 
most female and 1426 (fig. 4) the most male. .They all have 
large combs, 1426 the largest, and 1428 the smallest. The wattles 
on 1426 and 1428 are larger than on the other two. The spurs 
are large on 1427 and 1429, and very small on 1426 and 1428. 
Quite evidently these three so-called secondary sex characters 
do not correspond with body shape and carriage, as the most 
male has small spurs and the most female large comb and spurs. 
None of these five birds ever laid an egg or showed any sex 
behavior. They stood around the pens in a perfectly indifferent 
manner and never offered to fight either pullets or cockerels. 
Atwood’s hermaphrodite was also unfortunately not photo- 
graphed. The records show that she had a small comb, large 
spurs, male carriage, female body shape, and that she was henny- 
feathered. She had been presented to the Station by Mr. 
Atwood of West Virginia because of her hermaphrodite character- 
istics. Her behavior was watched while she was here at the poul- 
try plant, and that proved to be also hermaphrodite in that 
the bird fought both males and females. Normally in the fowl 
females fight only with females and males only with males. 
She is recorded as ‘‘a great fighter.” In fact, she met her death 
as a result of a fight after she had been transferred from one pen 
to another. The detailed account of structure in a later section 
of this paper shows that this bird had a hermaphrodite gonad, 
but that the germ cells were immature. 
Bird 1349 was raised on the Station poultry plant, a cross 
between a Barred Plymouth Rock and a Game. It was clearly 
a female when it first reached maturity, but gradually developed 
more and more male characters, until at the time of its death, 
it was rather strongly male of the game type. Figure 5 was 
photographed during the moult, but shows the male carriage. 
The size of comb and spurs was typically male at the time of 
