SEX STUDIES. XI 19 
on the right side. They are all of them, however, entirely in- 
different as to sex behavior, and such so-called secondary sex 
characters as comb, wattles, and spurs vary regardless of in- 
ternal structure. The interstitial cells vary too much in their 
distribution to be considered the cause of the general male- 
ness or femaleness of the external characters, and they cannot 
have anything to do with the large combs and spurs, as the 
distribution of the two does not correspond. For example, 
1427 has no interstitial cells and a very well developed comb 
and spurs. No. 1428 with the most interstitial cells has the 
smallest spurs. No. 1429 in spite of having the most female 
carriage and most normal ovary has longer spurs than 1426, 
which is the most male of the series. Spurs and combs are too 
variable to be considered distinctively male secondary sex 
characters. On the other hand, the distribution of the inter- 
stitial cells does not correspond with either the maleness or 
femaleness of body shape and carriage. However, the only 
one of these five birds with any lutear pigment worth mention- 
ing is 1429, the one at the more female end of the series. This 
may be significant. The cause back of the lack of develop- 
ment of oocytes and lutear secretion may be the general ab- 
normal physiological conditions indicated by the tumors and 
pus present. 
We shall consider next the anatomy and histology of the 
three birds with hermaphrodite behavior. Atwood’s black 
hermaphrodite has two Wolffian ducts and an infantile oviduct 
(fig. 15). On the left is a large irregular organ. The left half 
of this lefthand reproductive organ is not unlike the organs 
found in 1427, 1425 and 1428,—that is, it is irregularly lobed, 
but the one largest posterior lobe looks more like a testis in 
the smoothness of its surface than any of the other organs re- 
ferred to. The right half of the left hand organ appears like an 
ovary with small oocytes all over the surface and two small 
orange spots like corpus luteum remains. Sections show this 
organ to be an ovotestis. The part which appears externally 
like a testis is composed of tubules. In none of them are any 
advanced stages of spermatogenesis; the majority of the cells 
