28 ALICE M. BORING AND RAYMOND PEARL 
follicles in the germinal epithelium are crowded to the edge of 
the organ and degenerate. The primary cause back of this 
shifting of development we make no attempt to explain at present. 
As to the relation of the secondary sex characters to the 
primary sex organs, there is shown by this study only a very 
general correspondence such as in body shape and carriage. 
Spurs, comb and wattles vary regardless of primary sex organs. 
The general correspondence might be accounted for in accordance 
with the theory that the ovary forms an external secretion that 
inhibits maleness. In the cases where the ovary is embryonic 
it has not matured sufficiently to form such a substance. In 
the cases where it has degenerated its influence is past. -That 
would account for the fact that birds with both embryonic and 
degenerating ovaries exhibit some male characters. 
The interstitial cells are clearly shown to have nothing to 
do with any of the secondary sex characters. Their distribution 
is not correlated with any such characters. The lutear cells, 
however, are found to be in distinct and definite correlation 
with the degree of external somatic femaleness. Even in these 
abnormal ovaries, they seem to keep to their normal process 
of development, fill up the atretic and discharged follicles and 
finally form the characteristic yellow pigment. Just as Pearl 
and Surface showed to be the case in the cow, so here in fowls 
the degree to which an individual remains somatically female, is 
precisely reflected in the amount of lutear tissue in the ovary, 
and vice versa. 
The behavior of these birds presents some distinct anomalies. 
It does not entirely correspond to the external characters nor 
to the stage of development of the gonads. The behavior of 
the birds with embryonic gonads is indifferent, although the 
birds show some adult external sex characters. No. 1426 has 
mature sperm, but entirely indifferent sex behavior. However, 
1349 and 1616 show the same changing sex behavior as they do 
external characters and internal structure. 
A fuller discussion of the facts of normal and abnormal sex 
structures and behavior, with their bearing on theories of sex 
and secondary sex characters will be presented in a later paper. 
