20 Emil Goetsch. 
the Jumen and forms a superficial demarcation between the cesopha- 
eus and pharynx. This fold in the raccoon, however, is without 
elands. 
The epithelium (Fig. 9) varies in thickness according to the degree 
of contraction of the surface upon which it rests from 158 micra to 
220 micra. There is no marked thickening of the epithelium as 
the stomach is approached. The lower border of the epithelium is 
irregular in transverse sections owing to the projection into it of 
high ridges of the lamina propria mucosee. These ridges are chiefly 
longitudinal in direction, but are connected with one another by 
numerous oblique ridges. On the summits of these ridges low 
conical papille are found. 
The muscularis mucose is well developed throughout the whole 
cesophagus, consisting of two or more layers of longitudinal bundles 
of unstriated muscle. 
Glands are present in the tela submucosa throughout the entire 
length of the esophagus, and are fully as numerous as in the dog. 
The glandular lobules are ovoidal in shape, somewhat compressed 
from side to side and so placed that their long diameter coincides 
in direction with the long axis of the cesophagus. Many of the 
lobules have independent duets, but in the majority of cases a duct 
divides below the lamina muscularis mucosz into two ducts which 
enter adjacent lobules. The glands are of the tubulo-acinous type, 
the lobule being a system of highly branched tubules with small 
acini along their course and at their terminations. There is no 
difference between tubules and acini as to the character of the 
lining cells. The epithelium changes from duct epithelium to secret- 
ing epithelium at the point of entrance of the duet, so that all tubules 
within the lobule are lined exclusively by glandular epithelium. 
The character of the glandular epithelium is well shown in Fig. 
10. It consists of mucous cells and serous demilunes. The latter 
are very abundant and conspicuous. The mucous cells correspond 
in character with those of other mucous glands and require no special 
description. The demilunes in the glands of the upper part of the 
esophagus have the characteristic crescentic shape in sections. In 
the glands of the lower portion of the esophagus many demilunes 
