The Structure of the Mammalian Csophagus. 27 
segment 3 cm. long at the lower end of the esophagus. Above this 
a segment 3 em. long was free from glands. Above this 37 glands 
were distributed over an area 10 em. in length. At the upper end 
of the wsophagus 60 glands were distributed over a distance of 7 
em., this group being separated from the middle group by a segment 
2 em. in length devoid of glands. In addition to the glands there 
were 54 cysts of various sizes. As the figure (15) indicates, there 
Fic. 11. Photomicrograph of two glands from human esophagus stained 
in toto. The long axis of the cesophagus coincides with that of the glandular 
lobules and the ducts point obliquely toward the stomach. 
is a marked tendency for the glands to be arranged in longitudinal 
rows parallel to the long axis of the esophagus. These rows may 
be as many as eight in number at one transverse level and are not 
confined to the anterior surface and lateral surfaces as stated by 
Dobrowolski, but are distributed indifferently on all surfaces of 
the cesophagus. 
The relation of the ducts to the lobules is well shown in Fig, 11. 
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