Anomalies in the Genital Organs of Toads. 167 
fourteen days old, has separated only in the anterior region and it 
still remains undivided posteriorly even after the toad has com- 
pleted its metamorphosis. Sections of the sex-glands show no other 
apparent abnormality. 
Il. ANOMALIES IN THE GENITAL OrGaANS or Aputt Toaps. 
Among the large number of adult toads which I have examined 
during the past ten years there was but one individual in which the 
sex-glands appeared in any way abnormal. This toad, which proved 
to be a rudimentary hermaphrodite, was brought into the vivarium 
of the University of Pennsylvania on the morning of March 30, 1907, 
having been captured in a pond near West Philadelphia. The abnor- 
mal character of the sex-glands was noticed as soon as the body 
cavity was opened, and these organs were removed at once and fixed 
in Flemming’s fluid; the body of the toad being placed in a 4 per 
cent formalin solution for future examination. 
Measurements that were made showed that this toad was 
somewhat larger than the average male as it had a body length of 
8.5 em. The thumbs were deeply pigmented, and they bore pads 
similar to those found on the thumbs of all male toads during the 
breeding season, although these structures were somewhat smaller 
than normal. 
Photographs of the genital organs of this individual are shown in 
the text-figure. On the left side (B) there is a well developed testis 
(T), measuring 8 mm. in length and 3 mm. in width. Above the testis 
is a large, pigmented, irregularly shaped body (O), unquestionably 
a rudimentary ovary, which is 15 mm. long and 7 mm. across at its 
widest part. The genital organs on the right side (A) are noticeably 
smaller than those on the left, although they have a similar structure. 
The testis (T) is but 7 mm. long; the rudimentary ovary above it 
(O), which has a much more regular outline than that on the left 
side, measures 10 mm. in length and 7 mm. in width. There is no 
Bidder’s organ on either side, the fat bodies (C. A.) being attached 
directly to the anterior surface of the rudimentary ovaries. 
Transverse sections through the testes show that these bodies are 
composed of cysts filled either with ripe spermatozoa or with sper- 
