Effeet of Aleohol and Anzsthetics. Syl 
Alcohol solutions were prepared in sea- ee on the percentage 
basis. The strength used being 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 
18 and 20 per cent, 60 ec. of each solition was eae into finger . 
bowls and from 60 to 100 eggs, in the early cleavage stages, four 
and eight cells, were placed in each bowl. The stronger solu- 
tions killed all of the eggs, and those from 3 to 9 per cent gave the 
best results. In the 3 per cent alcohol solutions at times as many 
as 90 in every 100 embryos showed abnormal conditions of the 
eyes, being either eyeless, asymetrically monophthalmic or cyclo- 
pean, while in one experiment in a 5 per cent solution of alcohol 
in sea-water, there were 146 ophthalmic monsters against only 3 
individuals with two separate eyes. 
Chloretone of 0.1 per cent and 0.066 per cent in sea-water 
caused abnormalities similar to those produced by other anzs- 
thetics. This substance is more general in its anesthetic action 
than either alcohol or Mg, as will be seen in the discussion to fol- 
low. 
Ether and chloroform also produce rather general effects on the 
developing embryo, yet a small percentage of cyclopean monsters 
occur among the embryos which are treated with 60 ec. of sea- 
water to which 2,2.5, and 3 ec. of ether has been added. In solu- 
tions of chloroform of about the same proportions and slightly 
weaker, a few monsters occurred of the type common to the other 
anesthetics. Chloroform is rather toxic in its action on these 
eggs, large numbers dying in the weaker solutions, while others 
are so inhibited in their development, that various abnormal con- 
ditions follow. 
Eggs were not exposed to any of the above anesthetics for 
more than twenty-four or thirty-six hours. They were then 
placed in pure sea-water and continued development showing 
the abnormal conditions of the eyes and central nervous system 
that had been ‘induced by their sojourn in the unusual environ- 
ment. 
Similar Mg solutions to those formerly employed were again 
used. A gram-molecular solution of MgCl, in distilled water was 
titrated and kept, to be diluted with sea-water to the proper 
strength just before the eggs were placed in it. The most 
