Effect of Aleohol and Anesthetics on Development. 389 
OTHER CASES OF CYCLOPIA IN FISH 
The Italian observer, Paolucci (’74), has described a most 
remarkable cyclopean ray. The monster was almost adult in 
size, probably two years old, and measured 47cm. across the 
pectorial fins and 20cm. in length not including the long whip- 
liketail. Paolucci states that this cyclopean monster was captured 
in the Adriatic Sea near the shore and had evidently been able 
to cope with its surroundings and grow into a vigorous ray. So 
far as the writer knows this case of a eyclopean monster in nature 
being able to sustain itself and reach the adult stage, is unique. 
Paolucei’s specimen proves the correctness of the writer’s 
statement (’09) that the cyclopean eye is not necessarily associ- 
ated with a single instead of a double brain, or with any other 
serious defect in the brain region. This fact was clearly shown in 
the brain structure of many of the cyclopean embryos studied, 
as well as by their apparently normal behavior after hatching 
‘from the egg. 
The cyclopean Funduli have been kept living for more than one 
month, which jis as long as the experiment was tried. They would 
doubtless have lived much longer, as they were hardy and able 
to obtain an abundance of food from the vegetable particles in 
the sea-water. Paolucci’s observation would indicate that. the 
Fundulus monsters might be reared to maturity and possibly 
interbreed. 
Gemmel (’06) has described four cases of cyclopia in newly 
hatched trout collected from a fish-hatchery in England. The 
conditions of the eyes and brains in these monsters are exactly 
similar to those in the artificially produced Fundulus monsters. 
The developing trout’s egg demands water of such high purity 
that trouble is often experienced in the hatcheries, and monstrous 
embryos commonly occur. These may result from weakened 
developmental forces due to an insufficient oxygen supply or to 
the accumulation of injurious chemicals about the eggs. 
Gemmel (’06b) in describing cases of supernumerary eyes in the 
trout embryos records that in one case of an aborted twin head 
the lens alone of all the eye structures was present. Free lenses 
