450 E. C. MacDowell. 
oped, but not separated from the gluteus minimus. Primrose 
found it in his orang, and quotes Hepburn, Huxley, and Owen 
as finding it separate inthechimpanzee. Bischoffand Champneys 
describe it closely connected to the gluteus minimus. In For- 
ster’s ‘‘Papua-neugeborenen”’ this muscle was well separated on 
one side. Bardeen says that a special fasciculus from the anterior 
margin of the gluteus minimus in men corresponds to the scan- 
sorius and is frequently called invertor femoris or small anterior 
gluteal. This muscle was discovered in man by Haughton 
(Le Double); in the chimpanzee by Troill and in the orang by 
Bischoff. 
The Gluteus maximus in the chimpanzee arises (1) from the 
crest of the ilium by a broad tendinous sheet from the sacrum and 
coecyx and (2) from the tuberosity of the ischium, anterior to 
the insertions of the semi-membranous and biceps femoris. The 
fibers from the first origin converge towards the head of the femur, 
over which they pass to join a tendon, which is inserted upon the 
external aspect of the femur, half way down. The insertion of the 
second part, ischio-femoralis (Duvernoy), is into the tendon just 
described along the femur. Some of these fibers continue down the 
leg all the way to the external condyle, and are connected to the 
vastus externus by a septum. 
Vrolick and Beddard describe the same structure in their chim- 
panzees. Duckworth reports an insertion largely into the pos- 
terior surface of the femur in the Lemuroidea. In the Cercopithe- 
cidea, the femoral insertion is very small. Hartmann fourd a 
tendon of insertion in Anthropoids descending far down towards 
the knee. I find a very narrow insertion in my macacus. Wie- 
dersheim states that the special development of this muscle is 
peculiarly human. 
B. Muscies oF THE LEG 
In the chimpanzee, the Plantaris arises from the tendon of the 
lateral head of the gastrocnemius and from the lateral line of the 
bifurcation of the linea aspera, just proximal to the origin of the 
head of the gastrocnemius. The belly is slender, 6 cm. long and 
passes into a slender tendon that lies beneath the medial head of 
