On the Histogenesis of Gastric Glands. 483 
appearance. At no stage does the epithelium acquire stratification 
except in the pars oesophagea.?! 
The nuclei really occur at all heights in the cells, but, may, for 
convenience, be arbitrarily grouped into those occupying the distal 
middle and basal parts. At 2-3 em. almost every nucleus of the 
distal row is in mitosis, and all stages of this process are, of course, 
represented. The nuclei lying at deeper levels are all resting. 
Whenever the mitosis is in such a stage that its direction may be 
determined, its axis is invariably parallel to the surface of the 
epithelium. The nuclei are oval, saccular, and so broad as to 
almost touch the sides of the cell. They have a moderate amount 
of chromatin, arranged as a net, and with nodal karyosomes. 
There are usually two nucleoli, metachromatic or slightly acid- 
ophile. The cytoplasm is very finely granular in the epithelium 
of the coecum, cardia and cardiac part of the fundus; in the 
plyorus, pyloric part of the fundus and pars oesophagea it is 
clear and transparent. Aside from this, no cyto-differentiation is 
discoverable by the techniques employed. 
At 2% em. irregular thickenings of the tela submucosa in the 
coecal pouch begin to give rise to the characteristic grosser 
ridges folds and papillae of that region. 
About 214-3 cm. the surface line of the epithelium, hitherto 
level, becomes, in some parts of the stomach (pylorus and fundus 
along the greater curve near the pyloric region), undulatory, 
displaying alternate very slight elevations and depressions. The 
basement membrane shows no corresponding waviness, and the 
lamina prop. no irregularities. On reconstruction, the elevations 
are found to be short ridges, intersecting in all directions, the de- 
pressions thus representing a slight pit bounded on all sides by the 
ridges. It is readily determined that the elevations consist of 
cells slightly taller and narrower than those of the depressions 
(fig. 3), with the nuclei in the distal end; the cells of the depres- 
sions have central or basal nuclei, and have retained their primi- 
tive height and breadth, or, sometimes increased slightly in breadth. 
Mitoses are very frequent in the ridge cells. All the cells 
reach from basement membrane to surface. These slight intraepi- 
‘ This finding agrees with those of all the later investigators, as Toldt, Salvioli, 
Ross. 
