On the Histogenesis of Gastric Glands. 489 
compressive and tensile forces are obviously referable, in great 
measure to the uneven mesoblastic growth. 
However, we shall see below that other differentiative forces, 
intrinsic to the cell, and of a metabolic nature, are at work, as 
is indicated by the early departure of certain of the gland cells 
from the primitive embryonic type. 
These glands appear earliest in the following localities: 
(1) The pyloric portion of the greater curve; (2) the part of 
the fundus adjacent to (1); (8) the caeecal houch; (4) a narrow, 
peripheral zone of the pars oesophagea. There is some doubt as to 
whether these latter become true glands. 
From these primary regions they extend to all other regions, 
with the exception of the major part of the pars oesophagea, i.e., 
that epithelial territory which later becomes stratified squamous. 
Thus, gland development is most retarded in the cardiac end, over 
the facies anterior and posterior, and especially over the caecal 
ridge. Moreover, apart from this general, regional precocity or 
retardation, several slightly different stages of development may 
be represented in each region. 
At 4-5 em. the pyloric glands are mostly in the stage of 
fig. 4 the processes having cores of mesoblast. Some are 
advanced almost to the stage of fig. 6. Those of the fundus are 
of the stage of fig. 3, while the cardia displays a slightly undulating 
epithelium, with numerous mitoses in the upper row of nuclei 
of the elevations. There is, as yet, no sharp boundary between 
fundus and pylorus, as to size and form of the glands, but we shall 
see below that already. through cyto-differentiation, these two 
regions are marked off from each other. 
Between cardia and fundus, no definite boundary of any sort 
is discoverable, since the change from the shallower (vounger) 
glands of the cardia to the deeper (older) of the fundus is very 
gradual. 
The developmental retardation, as intimated above, finds its 
extreme expression over the coecal ridge, where the epithelium is 
at this stage, level, with very numerous mitoses in the distal row 
of nuclei. 
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, VOL. 10, NO. 4. 
