On the Histogenesis of Gastric Glands. 493 
i. e., have been from the first in communication with the Jumen of 
the gland fundus. Toldt and Ross have both spoken of the appear- 
ance of a minute vacuole between the cells of a group; thus Ross: 
“A central lumen, small, to be sure, but still a lumen” (fig. 26). 
This is said to have arisen independently within the group, and 
to have secondarily communicated with the surface. They 
figure and describe very accurately the appearance of the inter- 
cellular parietal ductules, as seen in cross or oblique sections 
(Vide my figs. 2, 4, 5). 
Salvioli, too, (90) has pointed out the source of Toldt’s 
error (’81)—namely, oblique sections, with no reconstruction 
control —but this warning was ev’dently overlooked or disre- 
garded by Ross (’03). Ross pictures similar groups of basal 
cells for Amblystoma and the pig but the two are different in 
nature. The basal group figured for Amblystoma are undoubt- 
edly cells of the fundus segment of the glands the latter possessing 
but one type of cell,—namely, those which become, in the adult, 
zymogen cells. But Ross homologises with these groups, those 
of somewhat similar appearance in the pig; and the latter are, 
as I have shown,—simply certain very conspicuous ones ot the 
fundic segment cells,—namely, the newly differentiated parietals. 
How may we know that these are really young parietals? 
Because they can be traced, in unbroken lineage, from the 3 em. 
stage to the stage just before birth (29 em.), long before which they 
are definitive in size, position and all morphologic characters; 
because from their first appearance, they exhibit the slight enlarge- 
ment as compared with the adelomorphs, the conspicuous intercel- 
lular ductules and the cytoplasmic granules, the latter, at all stages, 
showing a characteristic affinity for Rubin 8 and Kosin, and stain- 
ing black or steel blue with copper chrome hematoxylin, and cop- 
per red with neutral gentian. Certain other characteristics are 
not so marked until the later stages; such are the polygonal, 
spherical or lenticular shape, which succeeds the earlier piriform 
shape. The nucleus of the early parietal is ovoid, as are those of 
all the gland cells, but by 6 em. many of the older parietals have 
spheroidal nuclei. This latter, however, is not a constant char- 
acter, as, even in the adult, parietals are found with ovoid nuclei. 
