530 Franklin P. Johnson. 
similar groups of cells in an embryo of four months, at the level 
of the third or fourth tracheal cartilage, and Schridde (’07) found 
a group inanembryo of 105-110 mm. (16 to 17 weeks) at the level 
of the ericoid cartilage. Areas of glandular cells are abundant in 
the lower part of the oesophagus at 120 mm. Some groups are 
arranged as islands, others are evaginated so as to form small 
pockets. From the bottoms of these pockets budding glands are 
seen. In the lower part of the cesophagus at 240 mm. the glandu- 
lar cells are more conspicuous. On the sides of the large folds, 
but chiefly at their bases, patches of secreting cells are seen form- 
ing small isolated islands, pockets, and grooves. The glandular 
epithelium is high columnar and is everywhere surrounded by 
stratified squamous and ciliated cells. The pockets form the am- 
pulle of the cardiac glands, from which numerous small buds 
have grown out. A model of such a gland, found at the bottom 
of a fold at the lower end of the cesophagus, is shown in fig. 8. 
The surface which is ruled in the figure indicates the simple glandu- 
lar epithelium; the unruled surface, the stratified squamous epi- 
thelium. 
The presence of the deep cesophageal glands was first noted in 
an embryo of 240 mm...Their beginnings are seen as small out- 
growths of the stratified epithelium. These buds are found at, 
the bases of the primary folds and upon the outer surface of the 
secondary folds. They are lined by a stratified squamous epithe;, 
lium similar to that lining the cesophagus., In a specimen from. 
the upper part of the cesophagus at.8 months, a.gland was, found 
which extended through the muscularis, mucosae into. the; jsub-, 
mucosa, Its. walls were composed. of, one, and.,two. layers of. 
cuboidal. cells, but nowhere Vhroushout its entire extent could 
secreting cells be seen, 
At birth the cesophageal glands (fig. 9) Re grown Cath aoe | 
the muscularis mucose and lie in the inner part,.of the sub- 
mucosa. The mouths of the glands.are Jined with a stratified 
: 
squamous epithelium of three or four layers of cells which. is. 
directly continuous with the oesophageal epithelium.,.; Gradually 
the stratified squamous epithelium passes, into the doublelayer (an, 
some places single), of low cuboidal cells which lines the excretory, 
