90 BENJAMIN H. WILLIER 



includes both circular and longitudinal fibers. In relative posi- 

 tion and structure it resembles the vascular cord of the normal 

 spermatic cord. The vascular cord, vas deferens, nerves, and 

 lymphatics are bound together by connective tissue to form the 

 spermatic cord of the normal male. Obviously, in these free- 

 martin gonads (cases 42 and 66), the spermatic cord is rudimen- 

 tary, owing to the presence of only one constituent part — the 

 vascular cord. 



C. Go7iads exhibiting a high degree of transformation 



This group illustrates the highest degree of transformation in 

 the male direction of all the free-martin gonads examined. That 

 they are well-developed male sex glands is shown by the follow- 

 ing characters: the majority of the gonads are descended to a 

 position in the groin; the seminiferous tubules are well differen- 

 tiated; tubuli recti (straight tubules) connect the rete tubules 

 with the seminiferous tubules; the rete tubules connect with the 

 vasa efferentia; the epididjonis is typically male, and a typical 

 spermatic cord is present. 



Histories of the three cases to be examined: 



Case 44. Born co-twin with a normal male March 12, 1916, 

 of Holstein-Friesian parentage. Slaughtered April 29, 1916. 

 Gonads descended into peritoneal sacs lying between the skin 

 and the abdominal muscles in the region of the groin. No trace 

 of vagina, uterus or tubes. No scrotum. External genitalia 

 typically female. Vasa deferentia open into dorsal wall of 

 urinogenital sinus, from thence to the gonads. Seminal vesicles 

 lateral to bases of vas deferens. Spermatic cord typically male. 



Case H-46 (fig. 10). Born co-twin with a normal bull. Slaugh- 

 tered when five and one-half weeks old. Gonads in ovarian 

 position. Vagina rudimentary, bases of Miillerian ducts fused 

 (uterus), free horns of uterus short. Vasa deferentia extend 

 from rudimentary vagina nearly to gonads — present again along 

 gonad. No seminal vesicles. External genitaHa typically 

 female. Distinct rounded vascular cord. 



Case H-37. Co-twin of normal bull. Born October, 1915, 

 slaughtered December, 1916. Large gonads descended through 



