PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GONADS 131 



male animals in which one testis had remained undisurbed, or 

 testis material was placed in the body of a female one of whose 

 ovaries was yet intact. Since in some of these cases the trans- 

 plant persisted, other operations followed. The results of such 

 a series of operations are made known and discussed in the fol- 

 lowing pages of this paper.^ It may be stated in advance that 

 in the case of the white rat there is no evidence of an antagonism 

 existing between the adult sex glands. Both sex glands may 

 persist in a functional condition in the same animal for periods 

 of five or eight months, and there is no apparent reason to place 

 a time limit upon them for a continuance of this condition. 



It is with great pleasure that I acknowledge my indebtedness 

 to Professor Lillie not alone for provisions that have made pos- 

 sible an undertaking of this investigation, but also for his' con- 

 stant interest in the problem as the work has progressed. 



II, DISCUSSION OF LITERATURE 



In the immense amount of existing literature on gonad trans- 

 plantation in various groups of animals^ there are relatively 

 few accounts of attempts to transplant, either gonads of one sex 

 to the opposite sex with the normal gonad in place, or to trans- 

 plant both kinds of gonads into the same animal. 



A controversy arose between Herlitzka and Schultz concerning 

 priority in having transplanted gonads of one sex to the opposite 

 sex. Schultz ('00) reported positive results in the transplanta- 

 tion of ovaries to male guinea-pigs. Though he does not state 

 whether the males were normal or castrated animals, it is inferred 

 that the testes had not been removed. 



Schultz's results have been criticised severely by Herlitzka 

 ('00). The latter author reports results obtained from trans- 

 plantation of ovaries in forty operated cases on the guinea-pig. 

 Generally, the persistence of ovarian transplants was poor. 

 Herlitzka found that the germinal epithelium of the ovary re- 



3 Moore, '20. 



^ For complete bibliography of earlier literature on sex-gland transplantation, 

 see Marshall and Jolly, '07, Castle and Phillips, '11. 



