368 CARL R. MOORE 



glands of the latter.^ An account of twenty-eight successful 

 grafts proved that the two opposite sex glands can exist in the 

 same animal at the same time in a functional condition; the 

 transplanted testicle in a female was not functional in the sense 

 that it was producing spermatozoa, for there is no case on record 

 known to the writer in which a transplanted testicle of a mammal 

 produced spermatozoa. But in such a case the absence of sperma- 

 tozoa is not the result of secretions from the ovary. In the op- 

 posite case, however, a male carrying two large ovarian grafts, 

 that had been present for longer than eight months, was used for 

 breeding purposes, and histological sections showed that the 

 testis was actively producing spermatozoa. The two ovarian 

 grafts in this male each contained many normal Graaffian follicles 

 in all stages of development, from the primoidal follicle stage to 

 the stage of maturation ; there were many atretic follicles present 

 but in one of the grafts more than seventy follicles possessing 

 typical stratum granulosum and a well-rounded, normal-appear- 

 ing ovocyte with typical dark-stained nucleus, proves that the 

 ovary was functional. Certainly, in this case, the presence of 

 the normal functional testicle did not prevent the growth of the 

 ovarian graft, nor did it prevent the process of follicular develop- 

 ment continuing, even though the graft had remained subject to 

 any possible antagonistic influence for an extensive period of 

 time relative to the sexual life of the animal. And it is just as 

 true that the presence of the two functional ovarian grafts did 

 not prevent the continuation of active spermatogenesis in the 

 testicle of the male host, nor did it afford any evidence of sup- 

 pression of the psychical nature of the male; the latter remained 

 a typical male in all respects and was used for breeding purposes. 

 The idea of sex-gland antagonism at least so far as the rat is con- 

 cerned, is based upon insufficient and negative evidence, and in 

 the light of positive evidence to the contrary must be considered 

 untenable. The facts noted in the following pages, from obser- 

 vations made on guinea-pigs, shows also that the idea receives 

 little support from a study of the effects of gonad transplantation 

 in this animal. 



' One gland was removed from the host to provide graft material for other 

 operations, but that the function of the remaining gland was not impaired is 

 proved by the fact that females bearing testicle grafts gave birth to young and 

 that males bearing ovarian grafts were used for breeding purposes. 



