386 CAEL R. MOORE 



duced and there is an almost, if not an entirely specific sex call 

 that a male utters when approaching the female ; there is also the 

 characteristic copulatory reaction which is specific for the male. 

 On the female side there are no positive reactions other than the 

 characteristic periodic heat reactions and the maternal behavior 

 toward the young. 



From this series of experiments the observations of the female 

 animals bearing testicle grafts leads one to conclude that the psy- 

 chical behavior of the female has been changed in the direction 

 of that of the normal male ; its reactions toward other animals is 

 typical for the male. But in the case of the male there was never 

 any indication that female psychical tendencies had been brought 

 out. The writer does not wish to assert that it is impossible to 

 attain such modifications, but in males in which the mammary 

 glands had reached the height of development characteristic of 

 a pregnant female no such reactions could ever be observed. All 

 tests of the ovarian grafted male have been negative in regard to 

 maternal instincts. 



In the guinea-pig there are few structures that are capable of 

 throwing any light upon the question of sex-gland antagonism, 

 except the possibilities of growth of both gonads in the same indi- 

 vidual. Sand ('19) has shown that such a condition is possible; 

 therefore, the indications are direct that no such antagonism 

 exists. But as to an antagonism in reference to the psychical 

 characteristics, though usually the animal loses all sex tenden- 

 cies, yet in some cases even though the male animal possesses 

 growing ovarian grafts that are effective in causing an hyper- 

 trophy of the mammary glands, the animal continued to react 

 psychically as a male animal. And if there is an inhibitive effect 

 of an ovary on the male psychical nature, surely it would have 

 been in evidence in this place. 



In the final analysis the writer considers that there is an entire 

 lack of evidence of an antagonistic influence of the sex glands. 

 In the guinea-pig an ovarian graft does not inhibit the male 

 psychical influence, and this is all that it has a chance to inhibit, 

 excepting possibly that it may be the factor that causes the female 

 animal to be relatively lighter in weight than a male. The evi- 



