382 S. SAGUCHI 



filaments) which, according to him, are nothing other than the 

 chromatin passed out, give rise, by decomposition, to zymogen 

 granules. 



On the other hand, there are many investigators who hold 

 that zymogen granules are derived from special cytoplasmic 

 granules or filaments. Altmann ('94), who made an exten- 

 sive study of the secreting process, came to the conclusion 

 that the secretion granules, whatever kinds of glandular cells 

 we may take, are formed by the enlargement of the 'primary 

 granules,' which multiply by means of the formation and divi- 

 sion of the Vegetative threads.' Thus, he advanced the theory 

 that "die Sekretion ist ein granularer Process." The filaments 

 found by Michaelis ('00) in vital stained preparations of the 

 pancreas and salivary glands of different species are in all 

 probability to be identified with the vegetative filaments of 

 Altmann; it was further noticed by Michaelis, who used janus 

 green combined with neutral red for vital staining, that, in 

 addition to the filaments stained green and zymogen granules 

 stained red, there are in the basal portion of the pancreas minute 

 granules which stain partly with janus green, partly with neutral 

 red, and which are to be regarded as young zymogen granules. 

 From these observations the author was led to the assumption 

 that zymogen granules are derived from the filaments in ques- 

 tion. Since Benda's investigations, the . specific granules and 

 filaments which have been included under the term 'mitochon- 

 dria' have been recognized by several investigators in different 

 kinds of cells, inclusive of the glandular cells. That they take 

 part in the formation of secretion granules is assumed by Bouin 

 ('05), Regaud and Mawas ('09), and others in the salivary 

 glands, by Hoven ('10, '12), O. Schultze ('11), Champy ('11), 

 Arnold, ('12), Maximow ('16), and others in the pancreas. 

 Concerning the mode of participation, there is some difference of 

 opinion: according to Regaud and Mawas, the mitochondrial 

 filaments can fix the substance extracted from the blood, which 

 becomes accumulated at one or several portions of the filament 

 in the shape of spherules; the authors regard the latter as the 

 foundation of secretion granules, assuming that they gradually 



