154 ROBERT BENNETT BEAN 



ment. This is true not only of the modal grade, but also of the 

 grades above and below the mode. At each age, from 7 to 14 

 inclusive, the children who are below the modal grade have an 

 average of 0.9 of a tooth less than those in the modal grade, and 

 the children who are above the modal grade have an average of 

 0.8 of a tooth more than those in the modal grade. The differ- 

 ence is greatest at 10 and 11 years, when the second period of the 

 second dentition is at its height, and the difference at these two 

 years amounts to 1.5 fewer and 1.8 more teeth for those below and 

 above the mode respectively. 



It will be recalled that there is a period of one year during 

 which the greater number of teeth of any form erupt, and during 

 this year in nearly every case, 50 per cent of that form of tooth 

 has erupted. From this a physiological standard, or age of 

 eruption of each tooth, was determined. Evidence is therefore 

 produced to indicate that the eruption of the teeth is a better 

 criterion than age as a standard of both physical and mental 

 development. 



This evidence is not conclusive for each individual, but only 

 as an average or modal factor, because some individuals with fewer 

 teeth than normal are above the modal grade, and some individu- 

 als with more teeth than normal are below the modal grade. 

 Other factors therefore play a part and must not be overlooked. 

 For instance, one child who was advanced in school grade beyond 

 her age, and who had less than the normal number of teeth 

 present, was the child of a teacher, and had evidently been pushed 

 in school work. However, the condition of the teeth, both as to 

 eruption and decay, may be utilized and may be of value in de- 

 fermining the relative development of the individual. 



Maturity in the Filipinos is different from maturity in the 

 Europeans, at least the face, body form, extremities, etc., of the 

 Filipinos differ from the same parts in the Europeans, and the 

 time of definite maturity of the parts is different. Each people 

 is probably an expression of different conditions, and each repre- 

 sents development in a different direction, at a different rate, 

 and to a different extent. The adult Filipino resembles the infant 

 European in morphologic type more than it does the adult 



