SUPRARENAL GLAND—EFFECTS OF INANITION 267 
The cells usually undergo simple atrophy, however. Many of 
the nuclei appear chromatolytic, some pyecnotic. There is ap- 
parently no change in the number and appearance of the pigment 
cells, as a rule, although sometimes they appear increased in 
number (fig. 9, P). The changes in the medulla are similar to 
those noted under acute inanition. The special lipoid and 
chromaffin stains were not employed in the chronic-inanition 
series. 
From the foregoing it appears that during inanition in the al- 
bino rat the behavior of the suprarenal lipoids is somewhat vari- 
able according to ircumstances. In young rats severely stunted 
by underfeeding there is no apparent loss, the liposomes continu- 
ing to differentiate as in the normal gland of corresponding 
weight. Likewise in older rats there is sometimes no evident 
decrease, but instead a tendency to more uniform distribution of 
the liposomes throughout the cortex. This appears characteris- 
tic where the inanition has not been carried to extremes. No de- 
crease in suprarenal fat (lipoids) during inanition has also been 
observed by Frederici (’03) in the guinea-pig, Traina (’04) in 
man and rabbit, Napp (’05) in man, Kawamura (’11) in man, 
Landau (713 b) in man, cat and guinea-pig. Bonnamour (’05 b) 
even finds an increase in the starved rat, cat, rabbit, and guinea- 
pig. Ciaccio (according to Landau, 713 b) during inanition found 
first an increase, with subsequent decrease, in the suprarenal fat 
content. 
In most cases of acute and chronic inanition in the rat, espe- 
cially in those carried to extremes, there is awell-marked decrease 
in the suprarenal lipoids, although they are retained in the outer 
cortical zone with remarkable tenacity in all cases. A decrease 
in the fat (lipoids) of the suprarenal during inanition has been 
observed by Orth (’93) in man, Beneke in man and animals, 
Ewald (02) in the rabbit, Herman (’05) in man, Ponomarew 
(14) in the mouse, and Rondoni and Montagnani (715) in the 
guinea-pig. In the latter two investigations, more or less reten- 
tion of fat in the zona glomerulosa (of mice and guinea-pigs) is 
mentioned, which would be in agreement with my observations 
on the rat. A variable decrease in suprarenal fat (lipoids) as a 
